This paper focuses on the relationship of language within the awareness field.

This paper focuses on the history of dzogchen within the heart essence tradition.

This paper focuses on the contributions of phenomenology to Dzogchen.

This paper focuses on Dzogchen and self liberation.

This paper focuses on the essence of dzogchen as Presence.

This paper explores the nature of awakened awareness and awakened phenomena in the dzogchen tradition from a phenomenological viewpoint.

This paper focuses on Heidegger's presentation of becoming self liberated.

This paper focuses on Winnicott and Lacan and the lack within subjectivity in light of dzogchen.

This paper focuses on Prajna and the discernment of knowningness.

This paper focuses on the appearance of emptiness through time.

This paper describes the phenomenology of gazing within dzogchen practice.

This paper focuses on Merleau Ponty understanding that the body is the medium of the field of awareness.

This paper focuses on the hermeneutic of reading text and hearing text.

This paper describes the contemporary phenomenological understanding of subjectivity as non dual awareness.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of healing within the awareness field.

This paper focuses on empty mind, transitional space and the dissolving of the self object function.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of essence and appearance in Merleau Ponty.

This paper focuses on liberation as the experience of pervasive radiance.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of timeless awareness.

This paper focuses on the base of awareness as space and light.

This paper focuses in detail on the practice of meditation as becoming aware of awareness as a field vast and multidimensional.

This paper focuses on the views and formulations of eastern philosophy the negate humanism and personalism.

This paper focuses on symbolization as purity and translucidity of phenomena.

This paper focuses on awareness and movement in dzogchen.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of awareness as natural liberation.

This paper focuses on the realm of omnipotence from a Lacanian viewpoint.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of desire and fixation.

This paper focuses on the path of appearance and awareness.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of symbolic transmissions.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of the manifestation of awareness.

This paper focuses on mystical humanism as magical realism.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of awareness and the second reduction.

This paper relates Merleau Ponty's understanding of primordial subjectivity and the field of Being within beings.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of the experiential awareness field.

This paper beginning with a Lacanian view point describes fragmentation and the unfolding of awareness in the process of embodiment within the understanding of dzogchen.

This paper focuses on meditation as natural luminousity.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of idealism and realism in light of dzogchen.

This paper focuses on the phenomenology of whoness.

This paper describes the non dual relationship between the visible and the invisible.

This paper focuses on the radiance of awareness.

This paper focuses on deathlessness awareness.

This paper describes subjectivity as the manifestation of the primordial awareness field.

This paper focuses on the unfolding of awareness as embodiment of luminous spaceousness.

We present a vignette study conducted with a quota sample of the German population (n = 400). Subjects had to redistribute a good between two hypothetical persons who contributed equally to the available amount but differed in quantity needed and the reason for their neediness. On a within-subjects level, we tested for the effects of need, accountability, and resource availability on their third-party distribution decisions. Between subjects, we further varied the kinds of needs: The persons either needed the good as (...) a means to survive, to live a decent life, to participate in society, or to be autonomous. Despite equal productivity, the mean share allocated to the needier person was significantly higher than an equal share. However, this share turned out significantly smaller when the needier person was accountable for needing more than the other. Nonetheless, even if accountable, the needier person still got a share larger than their contribution would suggest. When there was a surplus of resources, the needier person got an even higher share than when resources were scarce. (shrink)

Bedürfnisse sind etwas, das uns als Menschen grundlegend bestimmt. Der vorliegende Band fasst eine Reihe von Vignettenstudien zusammen, in denen untersucht wird, welche Rolle Bedürfnisse im Umgang mit Problemen der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit spielen. Während sie in Diskussionen zur Verteilungsgerechtigkeit häufig eher unterrepräsentiert sind, wird hier gezeigt, dass sie eine fundamentale Bedeutung im Denken der Menschen haben. Es wird unter anderem deutlich, dass unparteiischen Beobachter*innen graduelle Gerechtigkeitseinschätzungen von Verteilungssituationen vornehmen, die davon abhängig sind, wie umfangreich die beobachteten Parteien mit einem Gut ausgestattet (...) sind. Wenn außerdem bekannt ist, wie hoch deren Bedarf an jenem Gut ist, finden die Einschätzungen relativ zu diesem Referenzpunkt statt. Außerdem werden in der Rolle von unparteiischen Entscheider*innen hypothetische Verteilungsentscheidungen getroffen, die den Bedarf, die Leistung sowie die Verantwortung der betroffenen Parteien berücksichtigen. Hierbei wird der Bedarf einer Partei auch dann zumindest teilweise kompensiert, wenn diese weniger zu der zur Verfügung stehenden Gütermenge beigetragen hat, als sie selbst benötigt. Die Bereitschaft, den Bedarf einer Partei teilweise zu kompensieren, sinkt jedoch, wenn sie dafür verantwortlich ist, mehr als andere zu benötigen oder weniger als andere beigetragen zu haben. Und sowohl in der Rolle von unparteiischen Beobachter*innen als auch in der Rolle von unparteiischen Entscheider*innen wird zwischen unterschiedlichen Bedarfsarten unterschieden, deren Erfüllung verschiedene Wichtigkeit beigemessen wird. (shrink)

Unter dem Dach der Philosophie gingen empirische Forschung und normative Theorie lange Zeit Hand in Hand, bis sie spätestens um die Zeit der Emanzipation der Einzelwissenschaften in eine schwierige, nicht immer eindeutig bestimmbare Beziehung zueinander traten; dieses unterbestimmte Verhältnis tritt uns vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Debatten wieder entgegen. Das zeigt sich zum Beispiel auch bei Fragen der Ethik: In den letzten Jahrzehnten zeigten verschiedene wissenschaftliche Disziplinen verstärktes Interesse an empirischen Bemühungen um ein deskriptives Verständnis von Moral. Hier gibt es nach (...) wie vor eine starke Trennung zwischen den Bereichen der normativen Theorie einerseits und der empirischen Forschung andererseits, wobei in beiden Bereichen dazu tendiert wird, die jeweils anderen Diskurse zu vernachlässigen, wobei Unklarheit über die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer fruchtbaren Integration herrscht. Auf der anderen Seite gibt es jüngst auch verschiedene Versuche einer Integration beider Domänen. – Dies macht einen Diskurs über die Bestimmung des Verhältnisses von empirischer Forschung und normativer Theorie nötig, was in diesem Band aus verschiedenen historischen sowie systematischen Perspektiven geleistet wird. (shrink)

Although artificial intelligence has been given an unprecedented amount of attention in both the public and academic domains in the last few years, its convergence with other transformative technologies like cloud computing, robotics, and augmented/virtual reality is predicted to exacerbate its impacts on society. The adoption and integration of these technologies within industry and manufacturing spaces is a fundamental part of what is called Industry 4.0, or the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The impacts of this paradigm shift on the human operators (...) who continue to work alongside and symbiotically with these technologies in the industry bring with it novel ethical issues. Therefore, how to design these technologies for human values becomes the critical area of intervention. This paper takes up the case study of robotic AI-based assistance systems to explore the potential value implications that emerge due to current design practices and use. The design methodology known as Value Sensitive Design (VSD) is proposed as a sufficient starting point for designing these technologies for human values to address these issues. (shrink)

Need considerations play an important role in empirically informed theories of distributive justice. We propose a concept of need-based justice that is related to social participation and provide an ethical measurement of need-based justice. The β-ε-index satisfies the need-principle, monotonicity, sensitivity, transfer and several »technical« axioms. A numerical example is given.

Experimenters claim some nonhuman mammals have metacognition. If correct, the results indicate some animal minds are more complex than ordinarily presumed. However, some philosophers argue for a deflationary reading of metacognition experiments, suggesting that the results can be explained in first-order terms. We agree with the deflationary interpretation of the data but we argue that the metacognition research forces the need to recognize a heretofore underappreciated feature in the theory of animal minds, which we call Unity. The disparate mental states (...) of an animal must be unified if deflationary accounts of metacognition are to hold and untoward implications avoided. Furthermore, once Unity is acknowledged, the deflationary interpretation of the experiments reveals an elevated moral standing for the nonhumans in question. (shrink)