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  1. Materialized Oppression in Medical Tools and Technologies.Shen-yi Liao & Vanessa Carbonell - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (4):9-23.
    It is well-known that racism is encoded into the social practices and institutions of medicine. Less well-known is that racism is encoded into the material artifacts of medicine. We argue that many medical devices are not merely biased, but materialize oppression. An oppressive device exhibits a harmful bias that reflects and perpetuates unjust power relations. Using pulse oximeters and spirometers as case studies, we show how medical devices can materialize oppression along various axes of social difference, including race, gender, class, (...)
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  • Environmental Microaggressions in Medicine.Shen-yi Liao - forthcoming - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    Oppressed people face microaggressions in medicine. Extant discussions of microaggressions in medicine primarily focus on verbal and behavioral microaggressions, which typically have perpetrators. For example, in clinical medicine, acts of verbal and behavioral microaggressions can arise from patient-provider interactions, with healthcare providers such as physicians and nurses as perpetrators. However, in clinical medicine, patients can also be victims to environmental microaggressions, which typically are not acts and do not have perpetrators. My goal is to call attention to the existence of (...)
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