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  1. Essay Review: William Jackson Crawford on the Goligher Circle.Michael Egon Tymn - 2013 - Journal of Scientific Exploration 27 (3).
    Books by William J. Crawford: The Reality of Psychic Phenomena: Raps, Levitations, Etc. Hints and Observations for Those Investigating the Phenomena of Spiritualism Experiments in Psychical Science: Levitation, Contact, and the Direct Voice The Psychic Structures at the Goligher Circle In 1914, Dr. William J. Crawford, a lecturer in mechanical engineering at Queen's University of Belfast, Ireland, began investigating the mediumship of 16-year-old Kathleen Goligher. The phenomena surrounding the young girl included communicating raps, automatic writing, trance voice, floating objects, and (...)
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  • On W. J. Crawford’s Studies of Physical Mediumship.Carlos S. Alvarado - 2014 - Journal of Scientific Exploration 28 (2).
    These comments are about the context and reception of W. J. Crawford's physical mediumship work. Interestingly, Crawford did not discuss previously relevant work on the subject, nor the conceptual tradition about mediumistic forces discussed by many authors before he published his studies. The latter included ideas to explain phenomena such as telekinesis and materialization. Many writers were skeptical of Crawford's results, while others argued that some of his findings may have been due to what we now call experimenter effects.
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  • Essay Review: On the Borderland of Physics and Psychic Phenomena.Carlos S. Alvarado - 2021 - Journal of Scientific Exploration 35 (3).
    In an address presented on August 20, 1891 at the Sixty-First Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science the President of the Association’s Section of Mathematics and Physical Science discussed various scientific developments. The speaker started with brief mentions of Michael Faraday’s centenary, and the death of Wilhelm Weber, and then went on to detailed discussions of a binary system of stars, the discovery of ways to achieve color photography, and the importance of professional systematic physics research (...)
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  • Musings on Materializations: Eric J. Dingwall on “The Plasma Theory”.Carlos S. Alvarado - 2019 - Journal of Scientific Exploration 33 (1).
    The psychical research literature has many examples of séance room materialization phenomena. This article consists of a reprint of, and commentary about, Eric J. Dingwall’s paper “The Plasma Theory”, published in the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research in 1921. Dingwall discussed some of the previously published ideas on the topic, and emphasized those related to mediums Eva C. and Kathleen Goligher. The purpose of the current article is not to provide evidence for the phenomena, but to present (...)
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