Spermatogenesis is the process of producing sperm in the testicles. It occurs in several stages, starting with the primordial germ cells, which differentiate into spermatogonia. Spermatogonia undergo successive mitoses to form primary spermatocytes, which, in turn, undergo meiosis, resulting in secondary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes later transform into spermatids, which are immature sperm. Spermatids undergo maturation and differentiation to become mature sperm, ready for fertilization. This process is highly regulated by hormones and is essential for male fertility and reproduction. Spermatogenesis is (...) a complex process divided into three phases: spermatogonial or proliferative phase, meiotic phase, and spermiogenic phase, which are strictly related to animal physiology. These phases are influenced by several factors, including temperature, nutrition, diseases, and stress. Understanding these factors that influence spermatogenesis determines the animals’ productivity, in cases of changes, it can be suspected whether they are of genetic origin or environmental causes. (shrink)

RESUMO O trabalho aqui desenvolvido visa analisar por meio de uma revisão de textos os princípios fisiológicos reprodutivos da fêmea equina, aplicados à abordagem da técnica de Inseminação Artificial, como descreve o tema. De maneira, a fazer uma descrição sequencial de toda trajetória da fêmea que será usada para reprodução por meio de Inseminação Artificial, descrevendo os processos que serão utilizados de maneira cuidadosa. Desta forma, o que se pretende é traçar uma linha do tempo detalhando procedimentos e as formas (...) adequadas e mais indicadas de cada um. Assim, o que se busca é entender como todo processo de Inseminação Artificial deve ser conduzido, na expectativa de que o mesmo seja concluído com sucesso com o mínimo de erros e perdas possíveis. Tudo isto, na expectativa de fazer com que a Inseminação Artificial seja melhor acompanhada e difundida nos meios veterinários, indicando em algumas situações que pode ser uma forma de reprodução mais adequada, à depender da necessidade do criador. Assim, para que o processo tenha sucesso, é imprescindível o conhecimento dos profissionais que irão atuar na área, a fim de que não haja perdas, ou erros desnecessários. Palavras-chave: Inseminação Artificial; Fêmea Equina. Fisiologia Animal. ABSTRACT The work developed here aims to analyze, through a review of texts, the reproductive physiological principles of the equine female, applied to the approach of the Artificial Insemination technique, as described in the theme. In order to make a sequential description of the entire trajectory of the female that will be used for reproduction through Artificial Insemination, describing the processes that will be used carefully. In this way, the intention is to draw a timeline detailing procedures and the appropriate and most indicated ways of each one. Thus, what is sought is to understand how the entire Artificial Insemination process should be conducted, in the expectation that it will be successfully completed with the least possible errors and losses. All this, in the hope of making Artificial Insemination better monitored and disseminated in veterinary circles, indicating in some situations that it may be a more adequate form of reproduction, depending on the breeder's needs. Thus, for the process to be successful, the knowledge of professionals who will work in the area is essential, so that there are no losses or unnecessary errors. Keywords: Artificial Insemination; Equine female. Animal Physiology. (shrink)