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  1. Introduction to Philosophical Issues in Sport Science.Emily Ryall - 2019 - Philosophies 4 (4):57.
    The role and value of science within sport increases with ever greater professionalization and commercialization. Scientific and technological innovations are devised to increase performance, ensure greater accuracy of measurement and officiating, reduce risks of harm, enhance spectatorship and raise revenues. However, such innovations inevitably come up against epistemological and metaphysical problems related to the nature of sport and physical competition. This special issue identifies and explores key and contemporary philosophical issues in relation to the science of sport and exercise. The (...)
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  • Rules, Standards, and the Video Assistant Referee in Football.Jan Zglinski - 2020 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 16 (1):3-19.
    Introduced with the hope of reducing refereeing errors and increasing “football justice”, the Video Assistant Referee has attracted much criticism from players and spectators alike. Drawing o...
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  • The Moral Gatekeeper: Soccer and Technology, the Case of Video Assistant Referee (VAR).Ilan Tamir & Michael Bar-eli - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Video assistant referee was officially introduced into soccer regulations in 2018, after many years in which referee errors were justified as being “part of the game.” The technology’s penetration into the soccer field was accompanied by concerns and much criticism that, to a large degree, continues to be voiced with frequency. This paper argues that, despite fierce objections and extensive criticism, VAR represents an important revision in modern professional soccer, and moreover, it completes a moral revolution in the evolution of (...)
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  • Rejecting Technology: A Normative Defense of Fallible Officiating.Christopher Johnson & Jason Taylor - 2016 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 10 (2):148-160.
    There is a growing consensus in both academic and popular reflections on sport that if the accuracy of officiating can be improved by technology, then such assistance ought to be introduced. Indeed, apart from certain practical concerns about technologizing officiating there are few normative objections, and those that are voiced are often poorly articulated and quickly dismissed by critics. In this paper, we take up one of these objections – what is referred to as the loss of the human element (...)
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  • Why You Don’t Have to Choose between Accuracy and Human Officiating.S. Seth Bordner - 2019 - Philosophies 4 (2):33-0.
    Debates about the role of technology in sports officiating assume that technology would, _ceteris paribus_, improve accuracy over unassisted human officiating. While this is largely true, it also presents a false dilemma: that we can have accurately officiated sports or human officials, but not both. What this alleged dilemma ignores is that the criteria by which we measure accuracy are also up for revision. We _could_ have sports that are so defined as to be easily judged by human officials. A (...)
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