Der vorliegende Aufsatz geht von der neophänomenologisch inspirierten These aus, dass uns das Coronavirus aus einem existenzvergessenen Relativismus gerissen hat. Im Angesicht einer Bedrohung für Leib und Leben brach sich im Frühjahr 2020 schnell die kollektive Einsicht von systemrelevanten Berufsgruppen und Versorgungsinfrastrukturen Bahn. Die drohende Ansteckung mit SARS-CoV-2 ließ die allermeisten Menschen erkennen, dass es offenkundig spezifische Güter und Dienstleistungen gibt, die auf eigenartig seinsverstetigende Weise einen Wert in sich tragen. Diese plötzliche Einsicht in die existenzielle Eigenlogik gesellschaftlicher Daseinsvorsorge kollidiert (...) jedoch grundlegend mit einem werttheoretischen Relativismus, wie er von den vorherrschenden Denkrichtungen der Wirtschaftswissenschaft vertreten wird. Ebenjene Diskrepanz nimmt der vorliegende Aufsatz in den Blick und entwickelt ein neophänomenologisches Verständnis für diese eigenartige Abteilung der Produktwelt, eine Abteilung, für welche das Beatmungsgerät gewissermaßen zum Symbol geworden ist und die ich mit dem Terminus der ‚existenziellen Güter‘ auf den Begriff bringen möchte. Zu diesem Zweck wird gezeigt, dass die seit dem Frühjahr 2020 entstandene Situation vor dem Hintergrund eines entfremdeten menschlichen Selbstverständnisses verstanden werden kann. Letzteres besteht in einer Art existenzvergessenem Relativismus, welcher anhand der Studien von Hermann Schmitz bis in die Bewusstseinsphilosophie um 1800 zurückverfolgt werden kann. Mit Hilfe seines begrifflichen Instrumentariums der Neuen Phänomenologie diagnostiziert Schmitz in der Frühromantik des deutschen Idealismus ein entfremdetes Verständnis von Subjektivität, welches eine enorme, bis heute anhaltende Wirkmächtigkeit entfaltet hat. Diesem Gedanken folgend wird der Einfluss rekonstruiert, den dieses menschliche Selbstverständnis auf die wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Theoriebildung genommen hat. Es setzte sich, so meine Kernthese, in der Subjektkonzeption der neoklassischen Grenznutzentheorie um 1870 fort, wirkte von dort bis in die zeitgenössische Gesundheitsökonomik und widerfährt uns schließlich in Gestalt einer drohenden Versorgungskrise im Gesundheitswesen. Das durch das Coronavirus ausgelöste Krisenszenario der vergangenen Monate gleicht aus dieser Perspektive dem Erwachen aus einem relativistischen Traum abstrakter Nutzenmaximierung und Effizienzsteigerung. Das abschließend entwickelte Verständnis existenzieller Güter soll dazu beitragen, den darin manifest gewordenen Entfremdungsprozess zu überwinden. (shrink)

In this paper I want to introduce and defend what I call the "subject mode account" of collective intentionality. I propose to understand collectives from joint attention dyads over small informal groups of various types to organizations, institutions and political entities such as nation states, in terms of their self-awareness. On the subject mode account, the self-consciousness of such collectives is constitutive for their being. More precisely, their self-representation as subjects of joint theoretical and practical positions towards the world – (...) rather than as objects of such positions – makes them what they are. Members of such collectives represent each other as co-subjects of such positions and thus represent the world from the point of view of the collective. (shrink)

The author analyzes the politics of responsive interculturalism in Bernhard Waldenfels? thought, starting from the assumption that after Husserl?s phenomenology only two fundamental concepts - body and the Other - should be considered. In contemporary German?post-phenomenology? the first concept was systematically articulated by Hermann Schmitz, while the latter theme has been advanced in Waldenfels? works as the phenomenology of the alien, up until the end of Western metaphysics. In the two parts of the discussion, the author draws on his fundamental (...) hypothesis about aporias and paradoxes of interculturalism, since responsiveness and xenology cannot reach the positive definition of the concept of culture in the era of global entropy. The analysis, therefore, deals with the questions: what is the responsiveness of man in relation to the Other, including the different ways of his presence in the world; and whether the Other as alien and uncanny calls into question the basic assumption of phenomenology as such - the intentionality of consciousness? nema. (shrink)

This paper seeks to analyse the concept of atmosphere in the philosophical system of Hermann Schmitz, the founder of New Phenomenology, as a fundamental concept for understanding his philosophical system; he uses this concept to transcend the duality of subject-object as well as to show the hidden realities and the foundations of lived experience of reality, by looking at how phenomenological analysis is revealed. Beside being used in sciences such as physics, meteorology, and psychology, the term also refers to the (...) atmosphere as a concrete phenomenon; it is also an evidence of his understanding the phenomenology and reformulating it. This paper aims to show the connection between the concept of the felt-body (Leib), as the theoretical core of his work, and space and emotion as other key concepts in his philosophical system, by using the structural analysis of the concept and the phenomen of atmosphere.The result of the analysis in this paper shows the special place of the concept of atmosphere in Schmitz's philosophical system and its prominent role in establishing his method of New Phenomenology. (shrink)

The operation of fundamental forces in quantum field theory is explicated here as the exchange of particles, consistently with the standard methodology of particle physics. The particles involved are seen to bear little relation to any classical particle but, rather, comprise unified collections of compresent, conserved quantities indicated by propagators. The exchange particles, which supervene upon quantum fields, are neither more fundamental than fields nor replace them as has often previously been assumed in models of exchange forces. It is argued (...) that this explication of quantum field-theoretic exchange forces definitively improves upon its predecessors. (shrink)

Conceptul de dreptate socială este unul dintre cele mai controversate concepte ale filosofiei politice. Foarte puține aspecte legate de acest concept nu sunt înconjurate de controverse și dezbateri argumentative. Unele dintre cele mai importante astfel de controverse sunt cele legate de definirea, de specificarea și de legitimitatea lui. Prima este, în esență, o controversă în privința răspunsului la următoarea întrebare: care este conceptul care surprinde cel mai bine trăsătura fundamentală a dreptății și nedreptății sociale? A doua este o controversă în (...) privința exigențelor sau a principiilor „corecte” ale dreptății sociale. În sfărșit, a treia este o controversă pe marginea acceptabilității conceptului de dreptate socială. În studiul de față prezint pe scurt principalele idei, poziții și argumente invocate de filosofii politici recenți în cadrul fiecăreia dintre aceste controverse. (shrink)