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Introduction: What Is Enlightenment? A Question, Its Context, and Some Consequences

In What is Enlightenment?: Eighteenth-Century Answers and Twentieth-Century Questions. University of California Press (1996)

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  1. Kant’s Enlightenment and Women’s Peculiar Immaturity.Charlotte Sabourin - 2021 - Kantian Review 26 (2):235-260.
    In ‘What is Enlightenment?’, Kant claims that no women are currently enlightened. Here I argue that this exclusion is due to certain legal restrictions guiding Kant’s conception of enlightenment. As enlightenment is intended to take place in society, it appears that Kant has a specific legal context in mind that affects its enactment. His twofold conception of citizenship and the dimension of subordination he puts forward by restricting the private use of reason will prove useful in clarifying those legal restrictions. (...)
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  • Political Correctness: the Twofold Protection of Liberalism.Sandra Dzenis & Filipe Nobre Faria - 2020 - Philosophia 48 (1):95-114.
    As understood today, political correctness aims at preventing social discrimination by curtailing offensive speech and behaviour towards underprivileged groups of individuals. The core proponents of political correctness often draw on post-modernism and critical theory and are notorious for their scepticism about objective truth and scientific rationality. Conversely, the critics of post-modern political correctness uphold Enlightenment liberal principles of scientific reasoning, rational truth-seeking and open discourse against claims of relativism and oppression. Yet, both the post-modern proponents and their Enlightenment liberal critics (...)
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  • Our Kant: The Force of the Example: Explorations in the Paradigm of Judgment, by Alessandro Ferrara. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. Enthusiasm: The Kantian Critique of History, by Jean-François Lyotard. Translated by G. van den Abbeele. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009. Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy, by Arthur Ripstein. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. Kant and the Limits of Autonomy, by Susan Meld Shell. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. [REVIEW]Mika LaVaque-Manty - 2011 - Political Theory 39 (2):261 - 275.
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  • Where it Hurts: Indian Material for an Ethics of Organ Transplantation.Lawrence Cohen - 2003 - Zygon 38 (3):663-688.
    This article focuses on ethical issues surrounding the selling and buying of human organs. The author argues that most people who sell their organs in India do so in order to pay already existing debts. The transaction is only temporarily an exchange of “life for life,” and most “donors” are back in debt soon after the operation. The author discusses the flexible ethics that reduce reality to dyadic transactions and the purgatorial ethics that collapse real and imaginary exploitation in the (...)
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  • German Idealism and Tragic Maturity.Shterna Friedman - 2020 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 32 (4):458-492.
    Isaiah Berlin viewed value conflict as tragic, as it requires the sacrifice of some values for others. It is a mark of maturity, he thought, to accept this tragic truth. This view raises certain conceptual problems that can be attributed to Berlin’s subtle departures from the German authors (Kant, Schelling, and Hegel) who originated the doctrine of tragic maturity—figures who had, in turn, transformed the earlier idea that enlightenment is a natural and morally neutral process of maturation. Kant moralized the (...)
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  • Herder: culture, anthropology and the Enlightenment.David Denby - 2005 - History of the Human Sciences 18 (1):55-76.
    The anthropological sensibility has often been seen as growing out of opposition to Enlightenment universalism. Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) is often cited as an ancestor of modern cultural relativism, in which cultures exist in the plural. This article argues that Herder’s anthropology, and anthropology generally, are more closely related to Enlightenment thought than is generally considered. Herder certainly attacks Enlightenment abstraction, the arrogance of its Eurocentric historical teleology, and argues the case for a proto-hermeneutical approach which emphasizes embeddedness, horizon, the (...)
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  • A legacy of enlightenment.Jan Golinski - 2003 - History of Science 41 (3):345-350.
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  • The collegial structure of Kantian public reason.Robert Engelman - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    This article accounts for how Kant’s understanding of enlightenment gives normative, communicative structure to public reason as a practice. Kantian public reason is argued to be collegial. As public reasoners promoting our enlightenment, we should seek optimal scrutiny from a generally unrestricted, intellectually and epistemically diverse audience. To receive this scrutiny, we should communicate in a way that facilitates this audience’s ability to scrutinise our views – situating others as our colleagues – which in turn facilitates their promotion of their (...)
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  • The French Enlightenment attempts to create a philosophy without reason: the case of Diderot and the effect of Helvétius.Henry Martyn Lloyd - 2018 - Intellectual History Review 28 (2):271-292.
    It is a well-worn, yet astonishingly resilient, cliché that the Enlightenment was the “Age of Reason”. By focusing on Diderot and Helvétius this paper shows that, rather than proceeding in the name of reason, key figures within the progressive philosophy of the French Enlightenment were in fact extremely suspicious of abstract reasoning and attempted to construct a philosophy which purged the faculty of reason entirely from its philosophical anthropology and reduced the mind’s functions to the single faculty of sensation and (...)
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  • From Paratexts to Print Machinery.Benjamin Goh - 2024 - Law and Critique 35 (2):313-335.
    This article seeks to decentre the proprietary author in copyright law by attending to some peripheral matters of Immanuel Kant’s periodical essay, ‘On the Wrongfulness of Reprinting’ (1785), as indices of its medial-material conditions of possibility. We consider not only the epitextual background of the German Enlightenment in which the Berlinische Monatsschrift was produced, but also the peritextual specimens of catchwords, signature marks, and various front matter of Kant’s essay. This medial reading suggests the periodical to be deeply involved in (...)
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  • Divine Illumination, Mechanical Calculators, and the Roots of Modern Reason.Peter Dear - 2010 - Science in Context 23 (3):351-366.
    ArgumentTalk of “reason” and “rationality” has been perennial in the philosophy and sciences of the European, Latin tradition since antiquity. But the use of these terms in the early-modern period has left especial marks on the specialties and disciplines that emerged as components of “science” in the modern world. By examining discussions by seventeenth-century philosophers, including natural philosophers such as Descartes, Pascal, and Hobbes, the practical meanings of, specifically, inferential reasoning can be seen as reducing, for most, to intellectual processes (...)
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