O artigo procura mostrar que os chamados “Absurdos de Moore” (asserções do tipo “Está chovendo, mas eu não acredito que esteja” são o resultado do desrespeito aos princípios epistemológicos assumidos pelo próprio Moore. Além disso, ele apresenta um modo de dissolver os absurdos através da análise filosófica de Wittgenstein da crença e do conhecimento. A motivação para elaborar esse trabalho é a de descobrir se existe, como alguns comentadores sugerem, algum problema ético relacionado com o suposto paradoxo, por exemplo, uma (...) presuposição de sinceridade do falante. Finalmente, ele procura estabelecer as bases epistêmicas para determinar se Wittgenstein continua um não-cognitivista na ética no seu trabalho tardio. (shrink)

In previous research, Schopenhauer is regarded as a consistent representative of a classical picture theory of language. The paper shows, however, that Schopenhauer does not only present a use theory of meaning in his lectures on logic, but also justifies it with the help of the context principle. Furthermore, it is discussed to what extent Schopenhauer's use theory of meaning is similar to the semantic theory of Ludwig Wittgenstein and his successors.

This essay argues that there is room for a third position between moral particularism and moral generalism in their orthodox forms. The view proposed in this essay is inspired by the later Wittgenstein's conception of grammar and holds that formulations of ethical principles can be interpreted as grammatical statements, while ethical problems can be interpreted as instances of grammatical tension. On this reading, situations in which ethical principles turn out to conflict come out as moments in the evolution of language. (...) Three consequences are discussed, and welcomed as general insights into the workings of language. (shrink)

Obwohl es "die Zeit" nicht gibt, ordnet sich doch alles, was wir erleben, zeitlich. Auch die großen Schlagworte unserer Tage betreffen allesamt von zeitlichen Herausforderungen: Nachhaltigkeit, Resilienz, Transformation, Zeitenwende. Dieses Buch handelt davon, was Zeitliches ausmacht, warum sich die Wirklichkeit zeitlich ordnet und was das mit der wechselseitigen Taktung von Ereignissen und Autonomieerfahrungen zu tun hat. Es werden Missverständnisse aufgelöst, indem aufgezeigt wird, inwiefern es "die Zeit" nicht gibt, es oftmals sogar leidvolle bis hin zu pathologischen Konsequenzen mit sich bringt, (...) wenn Zeit als Gegenstand oder Ressource betrachtet wird. Es ist ein Buch über den Vergleich von Abläufen und darüber, was es bedeutet, wenn Ereignisse miteinander im Takt sind, und wie sie durch Wiederholung und Variation Bedeutung gewinnen und damit "intakt" wirken. Musik und vor allem das Hören dienen als Modelle, um diese allgemeinen zeitlichen Struktureigenschaften der Wirklichkeit begrifflich anklingen zu lassen. Darüber hinaus regen Hyperlinks zu konkreten Hörbeispielen dazu an, sich direkt auch auf besondere Erfahrungen von Zeit einzulassen. - Ein Buch für all diejenigen, die Grundlegendes über Zeit nicht nur lesen wollen, sondern sich im Idealfall auch für einen taktvollen Umgang mit Zeit motivieren lassen möchten. (shrink)

The article deals with Cantor’s diagonal argument and its alleged philosophical consequences such as that there are more reals than integers and, hence, that some of the reals must be independent of language because the totality of words and sentences is always count-able. My claim is that the main flaw of the argument for the existence of non-nameable objects or truths lies in a very superficial understanding of what a name or representation actually is.

Computation and formalization are not modalities of pure abstractive operations. The essay tries to revise the assumption of the constitutive nonsensuality of the formal. The argument is that formalization is a kind of linear spatialization, which has significant visual dimensions. Thus, a connection can be discovered between visualization by figurative graphism and formalization by symbolic calculations: Both use spatial relations not only to represent but also to operate on epistemic, nonspatial, nonvisual entities. Descartes was one of the pioneers of using (...) this kind of two-dimensional spatiality as a cognitive instrument. (shrink)

The paper aims at recovering some epistemological issues in the debate between Putnam and Habermas about the objectivity of values. To begin with, I take up some discussions in philosophy of language and pragmatism in order to develop a framework according to which it is possible a less unilateral comprehension of the relation between naturalism and the normativity of ‘life forms’ (1). This account attempts to contextualize the Habermas /Putnam debate. Then I summarize Putnamt’s positions (2). Thirdly, after pointing out (...) what appears to be the common argumentative position by delineating the boundaries of ethical pragmatism, the paper focuses on its meaning for contemporary issues in practical philosophy (3). Finally, I argue that Habermas is successful at responding to Putnam’s critics, although he thereby adheres in his account of deontological morality to an axiological orientation based on vulnerability (4). (shrink)

Algumas discussões contemporâneas têm sido bastante influenciadas pela teoria hegeliana da normatividade. Gostaria de propor aqui uma leitura da Introdução à Filosofia do Direito fortemente inspirada na ideia de uma ontologia social constituída pela autoridade normativa das práticas compartilhadas, salientando as diretrizes hegelianas em debates contemporâneos na filosofia prática e na teoria social. Primeiramente, procuro acessar a teoria hegeliana da liberdade como respostas ao desafio moderno de se pensar a autodeterminação de maneira unilateral. Em seguida, procuro compreender a noção hegeliana (...) de direito à luz das questões postas pela modernidade política. Concluo indicando o impacto da noção hegeliana de direito no escopo geral da filosofia prática. (shrink)