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1. The natural sublime: Romanticism and the aesthetics of wilderness

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The natural sublime: Romanticism and the aesthetics of wilderness

作者: Hitt, Christopher James. 

出版物信息: University of Oregon. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2001. 3018373.

https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/natural-sublime-romanticism-aesthetics-wilderness/docview/304715172/se-2?accountid=44563

摘要: From eighteenth-century writers such as James Thomson, Edward Young, William Gilpin, and Ann Radcliffe, to the Romantic poetry of William Wordsworth and Percy Shelley, this study explores the taste for the “sublime” in nature and its relevance to ideas of wilderness. I argue that the natural sublime is, in an age of increasing environmental devastation, more than ever worthy of endorsement. To be sure, accounts of “sublime” experiences all too often record the subject's vanquishing of nature, his (or in rare instances her) apotheosis of self at the expense of the external world. Accordingly, I formulate a critique of certain aspects of the traditional sublime, interrogating the ways in which it has led to the domestication, appropriation, or erasure of nature. Yet the sublime also appears ecological in its capacity to evoke wonder and humility before nature, as well as for its acknowledgment that the nonhuman world exceeds our ability to define or contain it. Thus, I ultimately find an incipient ecologism in the Romantics—not through their happy discovery that mind and nature are “exquisitely fitted,” as Wordsworth writes in the “Prospectus” to The Recluse , but rather through their (often anxious) recognition of nature's radical alterity, its discontinuity with the mind. In theorizing this discontinuity, I situate the sublime within a philosophical trajectory from Locke to Kant, showing how in a post-Enlightenment episteme the relationship between mind and nature comes to be felt as unstable. The sublime emerges as a mark of this epistemological uncertainty and, concomitantly, of the limits of human language's referential capacity. Eighteenth-century writers tended to respond to this instability by seeking to bridge the gap between mind and nature, through rhetorical or tropological gestures which privileged human reason or imagination over the external world. However, in the Romantic period the untenability of such gestures becomes increasingly evident, and as a result the real, material solidity of nature is underscored. In Shelley especially, nature's opacity and alterity is registered without any such defensive reflex—yielding a distinctly ecological sublime.
自然的崇高。浪漫主义和荒野美学
从十八世纪的作家，如詹姆斯-汤姆森、爱德华-杨、威廉-吉尔平和安-拉德克利夫，到威廉-华兹华斯和珀西-雪莱的浪漫主义诗歌，本研究探讨了对自然界中 "崇高 "的品味及其与荒野思想的相关性。我认为，在一个环境破坏日益严重的时代，自然的崇高比以往任何时候都更值得赞同。可以肯定的是，对 "崇高 "体验的描述往往记录了主体对自然的征服，他（或在极少数情况下她）以牺牲外部世界为代价对自我进行神化。因此，我提出了对传统崇高的某些方面的批判，质疑它导致了对自然的驯化、占有或抹杀的方式。然而，崇高在其唤起对自然的惊奇和谦卑的能力中，以及在其承认非人类世界超出了我们定义或控制它的能力中，也显得具有生态性。因此，我最终在浪漫主义中发现了一种初步的生态主义--不是通过他们快乐地发现心灵和自然是 "完美契合的"，就像华兹华斯在《沉思录》的 "序言 "中写的那样，而是通过他们对自然的根本改变、它与心灵的不连续性的（通常是焦虑的）认识。在将这种不连续性理论化时，我将崇高置于从洛克到康德的哲学轨迹中，表明在后启蒙时代的认识论中，心灵与自然之间的关系如何被认为是不稳定的。崇高的出现是这种认识论的不确定性的标志，同时也是人类语言的指称能力的极限。十八世纪的作家倾向于对这种不稳定性做出回应，他们通过修辞学或象征主义的姿态，将人类的理性或想象力置于外部世界之上，从而寻求弥合心灵与自然之间的差距。然而，在浪漫主义时期，这种姿态的不稳定性变得越来越明显，因此，自然的真实性、物质性得到了强调。特别是在雪莱那里，自然的不透明性和改变性被记录下来，没有任何这样的防御性反射--产生了一种明显的生态崇高。

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参考书目

索引样式: APA 6th - American Psychological Association, 6th Edition

Hitt, C. J. (2001). The natural sublime: Romanticism and the aesthetics of wilderness (3018373). . (304715172). Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/natural-sublime-romanticism-aesthetics-wilderness/docview/304715172/se-2?accountid=44563

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