References
Alston, Williams: 1983, ‘Christian experience and Christian belief’, in Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff (eds.),Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, pp. 103–134.
Alston, William: 1988a, ‘Religious diversity and perceptual knowledge of God’,Faith and Philosophy 5, 433–448.
Alston, William: 1988b, ‘The perception of God’, in Michael Beaty and Richard Lee (eds.),Philosophical Topics 16, Fall 1988, 23–52.
Alston, William: 1991,Perceiving God: The Epistemology of Religious Experience, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
Alston, William: 1993a, ‘On knowing that we know: the application to religious knowledge’, in C. Stephen Evans and Merold Westfal (eds.),Christian Perspectives on Religious Knowledge, Eerdmans, Grand Rapid, Michigan, pp. 15–39.
Alston, William: 1993b, ‘Epistemic desiderata’,Philosophy and Phenomenological Research LIII, 527–551.
Audi, Robert: 1986, ‘Direct justification, evidential dependence, and theistic belief’, in Robert Audi and William J. Wainwright (eds.),Rationality, Religious Belief, and Moral Commitment, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 139–166.
Clark, Kelly James: 1990,Return to Reason: A Critique of Enlightenment Evidentialism and a Defense of Reason and Belief in God, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Clark, Kelly James, ed.: 1992,Our Knowledge of God, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Duncan, David James: 1983,The River Why, Sierra Club Books, San Francisco.
Engel, Mylan Jr.: 1992, ‘Personal and doxastic justification in epistemology’,Philosophical Studies 67: 133–150.
Evans, C. Stephen: 1990, ‘Apologetics in a new key: relieving protestant anxieties over natural theology’, in William L. Craig and Mark S. McLeod (eds.),The Logic of Rational Theism, Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, N.Y., pp. 66–75.
Evans, C. Stephen, and Westphal, Merold, ed.: 1993,Christian Perspectives on Religious Knowledge, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Hasker, William: 1986, ‘On justifying the Christian practice’,The New Scholasticism 60, 139–155.
Hoitenga, Dewey: 1991,Faith and Reason from Plato to Plantinga: An Introduction to Reformed Epistemology, SUNY Press, Albany, New York.
Konyndyk, Kenneth: 1986, ‘Faith and evidentialism’, in Robert Audi and William J. Wainwright (eds.),Rationality, Religious Belief, and Moral Commitment, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 82–108.
Kretzmann, Norman: 1992, ‘Evidence against evidentialism’, in Kelly James Clark (ed.),Our Knowledge of God, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 17–38.
Mavrodes, George: 1983, ‘Jerusalem and Athens revisited’, in Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff (eds.),Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, pp. 192–218.
Mitchell, Basil: 1973,The Justification of Religious Belief, Seabury, New York.
Pappas, George S.: 1979, ‘Basing relations’, in George Pappas (ed.),Justification and Knowledge, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 51–63.
Phillips, D. Z.: 1988,Faith After Foundationalism, Routledge, New York.
Plantinga, Alvin: 1983, ‘Reason and belief in God’, in Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff (eds.),Faith and Rationality, University of Notre Dam Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, pp. 16–93.
Plantinga, Alvin: 1986, ‘Coherentism and the evidentialist objection to belief in God’, in Robert Audi and William J. Wainwright (ed.),Rationality, Religious Belief, and Moral Commitment, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 109–129.
Plantinga, Alvin: 1991, ‘The prospects for natural theology’, in James E. Tomberlin (ed.),Philosophical Perspectives 5: Philosophy of Religion, 1991, Ridgeview Publishing, Atascadero, California, pp. 287–316.
Plantinga, Alvin: 1993a,Warrant: The Current Debate, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Plantinga, Alvin: 1993b,Warrant and Proper Function, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Plantinga, Alvin: (forthcoming),Warranted Christian Belief, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Pojman, Louis: 1987, ‘Can religious belief be rational?’, in Louis P. Pojman (ed.),Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, Wadsworth, Belmont, California, pp. 480–490.
Quinn, Philip L.: 1991, ‘Epistemic parity and religious argument’, in James E. Tomberlin (ed.),Philosophical Perspectives 5: Philosophy of Religion, 1991, Ridgeview Publishing, Atascadero, California, pp. 317–341.
Radcliffe, Elizabeth S., and White, Carol J., eds.: 1993,Faith and Practice: Essays on Justifying Religious Belief, Open Court, Chicago.
Reid, Thomas: 1970,An Inquiry into the Human Mind, ed. Timothy J. Duggan, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Reiter, David: 1994, ‘Engel on internalism and externalism in epistemology’, forthcoming.
Sennett, James: 1993, ‘Reformed epistemology and epistemic duty’, in Elizabeth S. Radcliffe and Carol J. White (eds.),Faith and Practice: Essays on Justifying Religious Belief, Open Court, Chicago, pp. 196–207.
Swinburne, Richard: 1979,The Existence of God, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Williams, Clifford: 1994, ‘Kierkegaardian suspicion and properly basic beliefs’,Religious Studies 30, 261–267.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas: 1983, ‘Can belief in God be rational if it has no foundations?’, in Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff (eds.),Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, pp. 135–186.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas: 1986, ‘The migration of the theistic arguments: from natural theology to evidentialist apologetics’, in Robert Audi and William J. Wainwright (eds.),Rationality, Religious Belief, and Moral Commitment, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 38–81.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas: 1987,Lament for a Son, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas: 1988, ‘Once more: evidentialism — this time, social’, in Michael Beaty and Richard Lee (eds.),Philosophical Topics 16, Fall 1988, 53–74.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas: 1992, ‘What reformed epistemology is not’,Perspectives 7, November, 14–16.
Wykstra, Stephen J.: 1989, ‘Toward a sensible evidentialism: on the notion of “Needing Evidence”’, in William L. Rowe and William J. Wainwright (eds.),Philosophy of Religion: Selected Readings, second edition, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York, pp. 426–437.
Wykstra, Stephen J.: 1990, ‘Reasons, redemptions and realism: the axiological roots of rationality in science and religion’, in Michael D. Beaty (ed.),Christian Theism and the Problems of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, pp. 118–161.
Zagzebski, Linda, ed.: 1993,Rational Faith: Catholic Responses to Reformed Epistemology, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
I wish to thank both Calvin College and the Centre for the Philosophy of Religion at the University of Notre Dame for funding a sabbatical year during which many of the ideas in this paper were incubated and drafted. During this sabbatical I read John Henry Newman'sEssay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent, and some of Newman's ideas no doubt rubbed off on what follows. For helpful comments on the paper, I am grateful to Alvin Plantinga, Fred Suppe, Paul Draper, James Sennett, Scott Davison, Stephen Evans, and numerous colloquia participants both at Notre Dame and Calvin College.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wykstra, S.J. Externalism, proper inferentiality and sensible evidentialism. Topoi 14, 107–121 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00769717
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00769717