Abstract

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and landslides pose significant threats to human life, property, and infrastructure. Early detection and timely response are critical in minimizing the damage caused by such events. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based real-time disaster detection and alert system that leverages a network of low-cost sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud connectivity to monitor environmental parameters and detect potential disasters. The proposed system integrates various IoT sensors— including temperature, humidity, water level, gas, vibration, and smoke sensors—to detect abnormal conditions indicative of natural hazards. Data collected from the sensors are transmitted to a cloud server via Wi-Fi or GSM modules, where it is processed and analyzed in real time. Once a threshold is crossed or a disaster is detected, the system triggers instant alerts via SMS, email, and mobile notifications to relevant authorities and users in the affected region. The system is designed to be modular, scalable, and energy-efficient, making it suitable for deployment in both urban and remote areas. A prototype has been developed and tested under simulated disaster scenarios to validate its effectiveness, response time, and reliability. The results demonstrate that the system can serve as an efficient early warning mechanism, contributing to disaster preparedness and risk reduction through the integration of smart technology.