This paper is about the topic of psychologism in the work of Kazimierz Twardowski and my aim is to revisit this important issue in light of recent publications from, and on Twardowski’s works. I will first examine the genesis of psychologism in the young Twardowski’s work; secondly, I will examine Twardowski’s picture theory of meaning and Husserl’s criticism in Logical Investigations; the third part is about Twardowski’s recognition and criticism of his psychologism in his lectures on the psychology of thinking; (...) the fourth and fifth parts provide an overview of Twardowski’s paper “Actions and Products” while the sixth part addresses the psychologism issue in the last part of this paper through the delineation of psychology and the humanities. I shall conclude this study with a brief assessment of Twardowski’s solution to psychologism. (shrink)

Franz Clemens Brentano. -ZZW fo daß fich vielmehr der Gedanke einer Verwandtfchaft des Verfahrens hier und dort mit einer kaum abzuwehrenden Macht uns aufdrängt, Pafcal. der geniale Mathematiker und Phhfiker. thut in feinen *Penfees ...

Husserl has undoubtedly considered himself being influenced by Brentano, but his conflicts with the orthodox core of the School of Brentano raise the question whether his adherence to Brentano suffices to adequately grasp the context of his early philosophy. I investigate the biographical details of Husserl’s studies in Vienna to uncover hitherto unknown ties between Husserl and Austrian philosophers outside the School of Brentano. Already during his secondary school studies in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Husserl was exposed to the philosophy textbooks (...) of Gustav Adolf Lindner; and archival records of the University of Vienna show that he had extensively attended philosophy courses held by other philosophers, especially by Robert Zimmermann. Both Lindner and Zimmermann proposed Herbartian philosophies, and what makes Zimmermann especially interesting is that he had once been a close personal disciple of Bernard Bolzano. I use an unpublished lecture transcript, written by a fellow student of Husserl, to investigate the controversial issue of Zimmermann’s possible transmission of Bolzano’s ideas. While a direct transmission seems improbable, my investigation uncovers a plethora of Herbartian influences, which are interesting on their own terms and have not only furnished Husserl with important parts of his descriptive psychological toolbox but have also helped him navigate the Brentano-School’s debate on intentionality. (shrink)

Die vier Phasen der Philosophie und ihr augenblicklicher Stand nebst Abhandlungen über Plotinus, Thomas von Aquin, Kant, Schopenhauer und Auguste Comte. Unveränderter Print-on-Demand-Nachdruck der 2. Auflage von 1968. Inhalt: Einleitung I. Die vier Phasen der Philosophie (1895) II. Plotinus (1876) III. Thomas von Aquin (1908) IV. Über Kants Kritik der Gottesbeweise (1911/12) V. Schopenhauer 1911/12) VI. Auguste Comte (1869) VII. Über voraussetzungslose Forschung (1901) Anmerkungen Brentanos zu den vier Phasen der Philosophie Anmerkungen des Herausgebers zum Gesamtwerk Namen- und Sachregister.

Expanding on the theory of ethics first posited by Brentano in The Origin of our Knowledge of Right and Wrong this re-issued work, first published posthumously in 1952, is based on series of lectures on practical philosophy, given at the university of Vienna from 1876 to 1894. The English-speaking reader will find it interesting to examine the step-by-step development of Brentano’s ethical theory, his extensive critique of British moral philosophers, and his unusually detailed section on casuistry.

Im Zentrum der 1874 erschienenen bewußtseinspsychologischen Abhandlungen Brentanos steht die Beschreibung und Analyse des Psychischen. Damit bahnte sich jene Abwendung von der sensualistischen Tradition der philosophischen Bewußtseinslehre an, die in der Phänomenologie Edmund Husserls vollendet wurde.

Phenomenology, according to Husserl, is meant to be philosophy as rigorous science. It was Franz Brentano who inspired him to pursue the ideal of scientific philosophy. Though Husserl began his philosophical career as an orthodox disciple of Brentano, he eventually began to have doubts about this orientation. The Logische Unterschungen is the result of such doubts. Especially after the publication of that work, he became increasingly convinced that, in the interests of scientific philosophy, he had to go in a direction (...) which diverged from Brentano and other members of this school (`Brentanists') who believed in the same ideal. An attempt is made here to ascertain Husserl's philosophical relation to Brentano and certain other Brentanists (Carl Stumpf, Benno Kerry, Kasimir Twardowski, Alexius Meinong, and Anton Marty). The crucial turning point in the development of these relations is to be found in the essay which Husserl wrote in 1894 (particularly in response to Twardowski) under the title `Intentional Objects' (which is translated as an appendix in this volume). This study will be of interest to historians of philosophy and phenomenology in particular, but also to anyone concerned with the ideal of scientific philosophy. (shrink)

. ACT, CONTENT, AND OBJECT OF THE PRESENTATION It is one of the best known positions of psychology, hardly contested by anyone, that every mental phenomenon ...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Geschichts- und Lebensbilder werden im allgemeinen von Historikern aufgrund verschiedenartiger Quellen entworfen. In seltenen Fällen übernehmen es jene, die Geschichte machen, selbst, über Jahrzehnte ihr Leben und ihre Zeit zu dokumentieren. Die weitgehend erhaltene Korrespondenz zwischen dem Philosophen Alexius Meinong und dem Musikwissenschaftler Guido Adler ist ein solcher Glücksfall. Sie spiegelt die Lebensgeschichte der beiden Freunde im Kontext der Gesamtgeschichte. Der umfangreiche Briefwechsel ist aber weit mehr als eine eindrucksvolle Schilderung des bloß persönlichen Werdeganges von Meinong und Adler. Denn hier (...) wird ein faszinierendes Kapitel Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte aufgeschlagen. Private und politische Intrigen, philosophische Schulenkämpfe, Berufungsdebatten, wie sie aus Akten- und Archivmaterial unvergleichlich weniger lebendig hervorgehen, erscheinen ebenso thematisiert wie wissenschaftliche Fragen. Denn eine Stütze der Freundschaft war das große Interesse, welches die beiden dem Fach des anderen entgegenbrachten - Vorbedingung für ein erfolgreiches Streben nach Interdisziplinarität. (shrink)

Es gibt Gegenstände, von denen gilt, daß es dergleichen Gegenstände nicht gibt. Dieser Satz hat dem Österreicher Alexius Meinong nicht nur Berühmtheit, sondern auch vernichtende Urteile beschert. Hindern konnten sie ihn jedoch keinesfalls daran, die weltweit bekannte Schule der Grazer Gegenstandstheorie zu etablieren. Wertphilosophische, erkenntnistheoretische sowie psychologische Schriften und die Gründung des ersten experimentalpsychologischen Laboratoriums in Österreich komplettieren das Schaffen dieses Philosophen. Meinongs Lebensgeschichte ist die Verquickung der Geschichte seiner Publikationen und der akademischen Aktivitäten seiner kleinen Schule von Schülern. Platz (...) für private Belange schien in jenem Leben, das sich nahezu vier Jahrzehnte in der steiermärkischen Universitätsstadt Graz abspielte, kaum zu sein. Eine äußerst starke Sehschwäche, die Meinong vor Kollegen, Freunden und sogar seiner Frau auf ungewöhnliche Weise zu verbergen suchte, lastete schwer auf ihm. In der ersten vollständigen Biographie Meinongs zeichnet Evelyn Dölling das leidenschaftliche Ringen dieses Denkers um höchste wissenschaftliche Präzision nach. Aus der Recherche des umfangreichen Nachlaßmaterials sowie der zahlreichen Korrespondenzen (8 300 Briefe) entsteht ein Bild von Meinongs Familienleben und seinen Beziehungen zu Freunden, wie man es so bislang nicht kannte. (shrink)

This dissertation considers the seminal work of the art historian Alois Riegl, specifically his concepts of temporality and history, within the context of the fin-de-siecle Austrian academic milieu. One of the foremost late-nineteenth-century architects of the modern discipline of art history, Riegl helped to establish his field as an autonomous discipline by distinguishing its subject matter, thematic goals, and analytic methods from the parent disciplines of history and aesthetics. His work has attracted increasing attention toward the end of the twentieth (...) century because of its impact on such figures as Erwin Panofsky and Walter Benjamin. ;My dissertation has two primary aims. First, whereas most interpreters of Riegl focus on his notion of Kunstwollen or his theories of representation, I approach Riegl's oeuvre as a sustained investigation of the categories of temporality and history. I examine Riegl's notion of the relationship between time, history, and art as it developed from his earliest essays on calendars through his later work on the Roman art industry and Dutch group portraiture. I argue that Riegl's concept of art was fundamentally temporal in constitution; artworks registered the movement of historical time in a formal manner, rendering temporality in visible forms that were available for the empirical investigations of the historian. Thus Riegl's work can be fit within the methodological debates in the human sciences of the late nineteenth century. ;The second aim of this dissertation is to challenge a pervasive assumption in the recent literature on Austrian cultural and intellectual history, namely, that Austrian modernism adopted a self-consciously ahistorical stance in its investigations of social, cultural, and political phenomena. Faced with political and social turmoil and a nineteenth-century history of decline, so the argument runs, the Austrian cultural elite turned away from history and sought out alternate fields of inquiry that might explain contemporary problems, suggest redemptive solutions, or provide escapes from the social world. By embedding Riegl's analysis of temporality within a broader discourse on time, history, and empiricism that engaged his teachers at the University of Vienna, this dissertation challenges the ahistoricist characterization of Austrian culture. Among the figures discussed are the philosophers Franz Brentano and Robert Zimmermann, the historians Theodor yon Sickel and Max Budinger, and the art historians Moritz Thausing and Franz Wickhoff. (shrink)