Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-81), thinker, dramatist and controversialist of many-sided interests, is the most representative figure of the German Enlightenment. His defence of Spinoza, who had traditionally been condemned as an atheist, provoked a major controversy in philosophy, and his publication of H. S. Reimarus' radical assault on Christianity led to fundamental changes in Protestant theology. This volume presents the most comprehensive collection to date in English of Lessing's philosophical and theological writings, several of which are here translated for the (...) first time. They are edited and translated by H. B. Nisbet, who also provides an introduction that sets them in their historical and philosophical contexts. (shrink)

Nach einer umfangreichen theoretischen Einführung wird auf der Grundlage von sieben Fallstudien die Funktion der öffentlichen Debatte für die Entstehung bürgerlicher Öffentlichkeit und Aufklärung im protestantischen Raum des Alten Reiches analysiert. Die Untersuchung bietet zugleich einen methodischen Zugriff zur Erforschung der Geschichte von Ideen, der sowohl den Vereinseitigungen der traditionellen Ideengeschichte als auch der sozial- und mentalitätsgeschichtlichen Forschung entgehen will. Im untersuchten Korpus jeder Debatte sind die Texte großer Schriftsteller ebenso enthalten wie die Arbeiten weniger bekannter Autoren. Es handelt sich (...) um Texte von Aufklärern und von Repräsentanten kirchlicher und staatlicher Macht, die innerhalb der Debatte aufeinander verweisen und zugleich die sozio-kulturellen Bedingungen reflektieren, aus denen heraus die Debatten entstanden sind. Jeder der Studien ist eine Chronologie und eine Bibliographie beigegeben, zudem steht dem Benutzer ein Gesamt-Namenverzeichnis zur Verfügung. (shrink)

Moses Mendelssohn bekämpfte antijüdische Vorurteile, stellte dies aber in den Rahmen seiner aufklärerischen Forderung nach Toleranz und Menschenrechten für alle Menschen überhaupt. Freilich bedarf auch das Judentum einer Überprüfung seiner Prinzipien: Das religiöse Bannrecht muß aufgegeben werden. Diese Thesen der Manasse-Vorrede von 1782 wurden im folgenden Jahr durch Jerusalem - der Titel ist ein Bekenntnis zum Judentum - rechtsphilosophisch begründet und durch eine Rekonstruktion des Wesens des Judentums ergänzt: Die jüdische Religion beruht nicht auf geoffenbarten übervernünftigen Wahrheitslehren, wie das im (...) Christentum der Fall ist, sondern auf denjenigen ewigen Wahrheiten, die von der Vernunft jedes Menschen erkannt werden können. Diese allgemeine Menschenreligion darf und kann nicht auf irgendeiner besonderen Offenbarung beruhen. Mangels verpflichtender Glaubensartikel ist also das Judentum - im Unterschied zum Christentum - von vornherein auf Gewissensfreiheit ausgerichtet. Allerdings gehören zum Judentum seine spezifischen Geschichtswahrheiten und insbesondere seine 'Zeremonialgesetze', die den Juden von Gott geoffenbart wurden und denen sie unverbrüchliche Treue erweisen müssen. Die Einleitung des Herausgebers zeichnet den Gedankengang von "Jerusalem" nach, geht auf zeitgenössische Reaktionen ein, weist auf die höchst kontroverse weitere Rezeptionsgeschichte hin und behandelt die wichtigsten neueren Forschungen. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Moses Mendelssohn is considered the foremost representative of Jewish Enlightenment. In _No Religion without Idolatry_, Gideon Freudenthal offers a novel interpretation of Mendelssohn’s general philosophy and discusses for the first time Mendelssohn’s semiotic interpretation of idolatry in his _Jerusalem _and in his Hebrew biblical commentary. Mendelssohn emerges from this study as an original philosopher, not a shallow popularizer of rationalist metaphysics, as he is sometimes portrayed. Of special and lasting value is his semiotic theory of idolatry. From a semiotic perspective, (...) both idolatry and enlightenment are necessary constituents of religion. Idolatry ascribes to religious symbols an intrinsic value: enlightenment maintains that symbols are conventional and merely signify religious content but do not share its properties and value. Without enlightenment, religion degenerates to fetishism; without idolatry it turns into philosophy and frustrates religious experience. Freudenthal demonstrates that in Mendelssohn’s view, Judaism is the optimal religious synthesis. It consists of transient ceremonies of a “living script.” Its ceremonies are symbols, but they are not permanent objects that could be venerated. Jewish ceremonies thus provide a religious experience but frustrate fetishism. Throughout the book, Freudenthal fruitfully contrasts Mendelssohn's views on religion and philosophy with those of his contemporary critic and opponent, Salomon Maimon. _No Religion without Idolatry _breaks new ground in Mendelssohn studies. It will interest students and scholars in philosophy of religion, Judaism, and semiotics. "In this lucid and provocative study, Gideon Freudenthal offers an original and compelling reading of Mendelssohn as well as a defense of the possibility of religious rationalism more generally. This book is not only an excellent contribution to a growing body of scholarship on Mendelssohn and early modern philosophy, but it also significantly sharpens and advances contemporary conversations about the relations between religion and reason." —_Leora Batnitzky, Princeton University_ "In this masterful study, Gideon Freudenthal demonstrates how Mendelssohn’s philosophy, including his philosophy of religion, is grounded in semiotics. The result is a landmark work that not only successfully challenges standard interpretations of Mendelssohn’s 'enlightened Judaism' and its alleged inconsistency but also effectively invites reconsideration of the very possibility of 'religion without idolatry.'" —_Daniel O. Dahlstrom, Boston University_ "In focusing on Mendelssohn's 'semiotics of idolatry,' Gideon Freudenthal writes as a philosopher fully at home in multiple traditions: contemporary philosophy, eighteenth-century philosophy, Jewish biblical exegesis, and comparative religion. The result is a systematic and penetrating study, based on the Hebrew as well as the German texts, that engages Mendelssohn on perhaps the most critical issue of his understanding of religion with unprecedented philosophical rigor and imagination." —_David Sorkin, City University of New York Graduate Center_. (shrink)

The "German Socrates," Moses Mendelssohn was the most influential Jewish thinker of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A Berlin celebrity and a major figure in the Enlightenment, revered by Immanuel Kant, Mendelssohn suffered the indignities common to Jews of his time while formulating the philosophical foundations of a modern Judaism suited for a new age. His most influential books included the groundbreaking Jerusalem and a translation of the Bible into German that paved the way for generations of Jews to master (...) the language of the larger culture.Feiner's book is the first that offers a full, human portrait of this fascinating man--uncommonly modest, acutely aware of his task as an intellectual pioneer, shrewd, traditionally Jewish, yet thoroughly conversant with the world around him--providing a vivid sense of Mendelssohn's daily life as well as of his philosophical endeavors. Feiner, a leading scholar of Jewish intellectual history, examines Mendelssohn as father and husband, as a friend, as a tireless advocate for his people, and as an equally indefatigable spokesman for the paramount importance of intellectual independence. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Vernunft als Weisheit" verfügbar.