Abstract: Fish are important for both nutritional and economic reasons. They are a good source of protein, vitamins, and minerals and play a significant role in human diets, especially in coastal and island communities. In addition, fishing and fish farming are major industries that provide employment and income for millions of people worldwide. Moreover, fish play a critical role in marine ecosystems, serving as prey for larger predators and helping to maintain the balance of aquatic food chains. Overall, fish play (...) a vital role in supporting human well-being and the health of our planet. . Fishes have a lots of types such that: Red Mullet, Sea Bass, Striped Red Mullet and Shrimp. Each of them has its own shape and characteristics that differ from other types. We proposed a system that recognize nine types of fishes using deep learning. We trained the model with a dataset that contain 9000 images that were slit into 6300 images for training, 1350 for validation and 1350 for testing. The proposed model achieved accuracy (99.68%), precision (99.69%), recall (99.68%), and f1-score (99.68%). This indicates that our proposed model can effectively predicate and classify different types of fish with very high accuracy. (shrink)

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved, offering transformative capabilities for business decision-making. This paper explores how AI can be leveraged to enhance strategic decision-making in business contexts. It examines the integration of AI-driven analytics, predictive modeling, and automation to improve decision accuracy and operational efficiency. By analyzing current applications and case studies, the paper highlights the opportunities AI presents, including enhanced data insights, risk management, and personalized customer experiences. Additionally, it addresses the challenges businesses face in adopting AI, such (...) as data privacy concerns, integration issues, and the need for skilled personnel. The paper concludes with recommendations for effectively implementing AI solutions to maximize their benefits while navigating potential pitfalls. (shrink)

Background: Mint is a grassy, perennial plant, belonging to the oral platoon, fast growing and spreading, its leaves are green in color, fragrant, tart, refreshing, square-shaped leg, bifurcated, erect, ranging in height from (10 - 201 cm). Home to Europe and Asia. The mint plant has many benefits, the most important of which are pain relief, treatment of gallbladder disorders, the expulsion of gases, anti-inflammatory, and relaxing nerves. While the mint plant is the ideal option for the start of gardens, (...) it is prone to some common diseases that affect the plant's growth. Objectives: The main goal of this expert system is to get the appropriate diagnosis of disease and the correct treatment. Methods: In this paper, the design of the proposed Expert System was produced to help Farmers and those interested in agriculture in diagnosing many of the Mint diseases such as Mint rust, Verticillium wilt, Anthracnose, Powdery mildew, Black Stem Rot, Stem and stolon canker, Septoria leaf spot. The proposed expert system presents an overview of mint diseases are given, the cause of diseases outlined and the treatment of disease whenever possible is given out. CLIPS Expert System language was used for designing and implementing the proposed expert system. Results: The proposed Mint diseases diagnosis expert system was evaluated by Agricultural Students at AL Azhar University and some friends interested in agriculture and they were satisfied with its performance. Conclusions: The proposed expert system is very useful for Farmers and those interested in agriculture. (shrink)

Abstract: Climate change presents a critical challenge that demands advanced analytical tools to predict and mitigate its impacts. This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing climate modeling, emphasizing how AI-driven methods are revolutionizing our understanding and response to climate change. By integrating machine learning algorithms with diverse data sources such as satellite imagery, historical climate records, and real-time sensor data, AI improves the accuracy, efficiency, and granularity of climate predictions. The paper reviews key AI techniques, including (...) neural networks and ensemble models, and their applications in simulating extreme weather events and forecasting long-term climate trends. Additionally, it examines the impact of AI-enhanced climate models on policy-making and strategic planning. Despite significant advancements, challenges such as data quality, computational demands, and model interpretability remain. This study underscores the potential of AI to transform climate modeling and highlights areas for future research and development to harness these technologies for a sustainable future. (shrink)

The development of a Virtual Sign Language Translator represents a significant advancement in facilitating communication between hearing and non-hearing individuals, particularly in educational and business settings. This initiative aims to bridge the communication gap by providing real-time translation of sign language into text or speech, enhancing accessibility and inclusivity. The system utilizes advanced technologies such as computer vision, machine learning, and natural language processing to accurately interpret sign language gestures. Users can interact through intuitive interfaces, enabling seamless conversion of sign (...) language into readable or audible formats. By integrating this translator into classrooms, universities, institutions, and business environments, we can promote equal participation and understanding, ensuring that information is accessible to all, regardless of hearing ability. (shrink)

Treatment adherence is a critical component of epilepsy management. Antiepileptic drug side effects affect adherence and may result in the discontinuation of medication. This study aimed to investigate the association between antiepileptic drug side effects and medication adherence among Libyan patients with epilepsy while identifying predictors of adherence. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tripoli University Hospital involving 200 adult epilepsy patients. Adherence was assessed via a self-report tool dichotomized as adherent/ non-adherent if patients stopped medication due to side effects. (...) Side effects were evaluated using the Side Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs questionnaire. Logistic regression analyzed predictors of adherence, including antiepileptic drug use, therapy regimen, and side-effect profiles, with p<0.05 declared association. The overall adherence rate was 87.0%. Higher adherence was observed in older age groups, 95.8% in patients aged 51-60, 89.4% in married patients, and 91.0% in university-educated patients. Patients on monotherapy and those seizure-free in the preceding month demonstrated better adherence (88.4% and 93.0%, respectively). Valproate users had notably low adherence (52.6%) while carbamazepine and phenytoin users showed higher adherence (89.7% and 91.7%, respectively). Cognitive complaints significantly reduced adherence (76.1% vs. 79.6%), as did aggressive behavior (58.3% adherence). Logistic regression identified two independent predictors: patients on old-generation antiepileptic drugs had 2.7 times higher adherence (AOR=2.702, 95% CI: 1.168-6.249; p=0.02) while cognitive side effects reduced adherence by 86.4% (AOR=0.136, 95% CI: 0.031-0.596; p=0.008). Cognitive side effects predict non-adherence, necessitating routine monitoring. Paradoxically, older antiepileptic drugs correlated with better adherence. Integrating patient-reported metrics and addressing cognitive impacts could optimize epilepsy care, highlighting gaps in side-effect management and advocating personalized strategies in clinical settings. (shrink)

This research presents an automated system for predicting crop yield using the Random Forest Regression algorithm. The model leverages agricultural parameters such as soil composition, rainfall, temperature, and fertilizer usage to provide real-time and accurate yield predictions. A user-friendly web application developed with Python Flask allows for easy interaction, enabling farmers and agricultural professionals to input data and receive yield estimates. The results demonstrate the model’s reliability, achieving over 99% accuracy on test data. The system's modularity supports future expansions, including (...) real-time data integration and mobile deployment for widespread agricultural use. This project presents an AI-driven crop yield prediction system utilizing the Random Forest Regression algorithm. The system is designed to forecast agricultural yield based on various factors such as soil quality, rainfall, temperature, and historical crop data. Implemented using Python and deployed via a user-friendly Flask web interface, the application enables real-time yield prediction, empowering farmers and policymakers to make informed decisions. The model, trained on a diverse dataset, demonstrates high accuracy and robustness, handling non-linear data patterns effectively. By combining machine learning and intuitive design, this solution enhances agricultural planning, resource management, and overall productivity. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework that will help in understanding and evaluating, along social and ethical lines, the issue of killing day-old male chicks and two alternative directions of responsible innovations to solve this issue. The following research questions are addressed: Why is the killing of day-old chicks morally problematic? Are the proposed alternatives morally sound? To what extent do the alternatives lead to responsible innovation? The conceptual framework demonstrates clearly that there is a (...) moral “lock-in”, and why the killing of day-old chicks is indeed an issue. Furthermore, it is shown that both alternative directions address some important objections with regard to the killing of day-old chicks, but that they also raise new dilemmas. It also becomes clear that the framework enables and secures anticipation, reflection, deliberation with and responsiveness to stakeholders, the four dimensions of responsible innovation, in a structured way. (shrink)

Abstract The current study evaluated the effect of feedlot feeding calves and the level of roughage (RL) in the diet on average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) during the winter-spring period (190 days). Thirty-two Hereford heifers, blocked by weight (149 ± 13 kg), were randomly assigned to one of four winter treatments (110 d): oat grazing a rate of 5 kg of dry matter (DM) per 100 kg live weight (LW) and three total mixed rations fed ad libitum (...) in the feedlot, differing in RL (Setaria italica, hay): 0 %, 35 % and 70 % DM. During spring (80 d), all treatments grazed a mixed grass and legume pasture (6 kg DM/100 kg LW), in weekly plots, independent by repetition (n = 2 plots/treatment). The experiment was analyzed as a randomized block design, using orthogonal contrasts to compare the effect of the feeding system, feedlot (SAC) vs grazing (SAP), and the effect of RL (0 RL, 35 RL and 70 RL) in the diets. A lower ADG was achieved in SAC treatments during the 14 days post-feedlot period, independently of the RL of the diet (P > 0,05). However, during the whole winterspring period, animals from SAC showed greater ADG (0,64 vs. 0,43 kg/day, P < 0,001) and a better FE (8,74 vs. 11,27, P = 0,0013) when compared to SAP. Greater final body weight was achieved with 0 RL (282 kg/head, P < 0,01). Winter calves rearing in a feedlot system allows to achieve greater weights at the end of the spring and a better overall feed efficiency. Keywords: cattle, confinement, conversion efficiency, growth, transition period. Resumen En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la alimentación a corral de terneros y del nivel de voluminoso (NV) en la dieta sobre la ganancia media diaria (GMD) y la eficiencia de conversión (EC) del alimento durante el período invierno-primavera (190 días). Treinta y dos terneras Hereford, bloqueadas por peso (149 ± 13 kg), fueron 2 asignadas al azar a cuatro tratamientos de invierno (110 d): pastoreo de avena a razón de 5 kg de materia seca (MS) cada 100 kg de peso vivo (PV) y tres raciones totalmente mezcladas suministradas a corral ad libitum, que diferían en el NV (Setaria itálica, heno): 0 %, 3 5 % y 70 % MS. Durante la primavera (80 d), todos los tratamientos pastorearon una pradera mezcla de gramíneas y leguminosas (6 kg MS/100 kg PV), en parcelas semanales, independientes por repetición (n = 2 parcelas/tratamiento). El experimento fue analizado según un diseño en bloques al azar, utilizando contrastes ortogonales para comparar el efecto del sistema de alimentación, corral (SAC) vs. pastoreo (SAP), y el efecto del NV (0 NV, 35 NV y 70 NV) en las dietas. Independientemente del NV en la dieta, los tratamientos SAC mostraron una menor GMD durante los primeros catorce días poscorral (P > 0,05). Sin embargo, en la totalidad del período invierno-primavera, los animales provenientes de SAC, respecto a SAP, presentaron mejores GMD (0,64 vs. 0,43 kg/día, P < 0,001) y EC (8,74 vs. 11,27, P = 0,0013), siendo el tratamiento 0NV el de mayor peso final (282 kg/cab, P < 0,01). La recría invernal de terneros en confinamiento permite alcanzar mayores pesos a fin de primavera y una mejor eficiencia de conversión global. Palabras clave: confinamiento, crecimiento, eficiencia de conversión, ganado vacuno, período de transición. Resumo Foi avaliado o efeito da alimentação de bezerros confinados e do nível de volumoso (NV) da dieta sobre o ganho de peso diário (GMD) e a eficiência de conversão alimentar (EC) durante o período inverno-primavera (190 dias). Trinta e dois bezerros Hereford bloqueados por peso (139 ± 6,7 kg; 161 ± 7,5 kg) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos de inverno (110 dias): pastejo de aveia com 5 kg de matéria seca (MS) cada 100 kg de peso (PV) e três rações totalmente misturadas fornecidas aos animais: confinamento ad libitum, diferindo em NV (Setaria itálica, feno): 0 %, 35 %, 70 % MS. Na primavera (80 dias), todos os tratamentos utilizaram pastagem mista de gramíneas e leguminosas (6 kg MS/100 kg PV), em parcelas semanais, independentes por repetição (n = 2 parcelas/tratamento). O experimento foi analisado segundo delineamento em blocos casualizados, utilizando contrastes ortogonais para comparar o efeito do sistema de alimentação: confinamento (SAC) vs. pastejo (SAP); o efeito do NV (0 NV, 35 NV e 70NV) na dieta. Embora tenha sido encontrado um período crítico de 14 dias após a saída do confinamento, não se encontrou efeito do NV na dieta para esse período (P > 0,05). Durante o período inverno-primavera os animais do SAC, comparados ao SAP, apresentaram melhor GMD (0,64 vs. 0,43 kg/dia, P < 0,001) e EC (8,74 vs. 11,27, P = 0,0013), 0NV alcançou o maior peso final (282 kg, P < 0,01). A recria de bezerros confinados no inverno determina maiores pesos no fim da primavera e melhor eficiência de conversão global. Palavras-chave: confinamento, crescimento, eficiência de conversão, gado de corte, período de transição. (shrink)

If you're interested in exploring Vietnamese culture with a humorous twist, this book is a must-read!

Effect of feeding level during feedlot back-grounding on animal growth and feed efficiency of the winter-spring period Abstract. The present evaluated the effect of feedlot feeding system and the amount of feed offered (OF) on average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) during the winter-spring season (182 days) in a calf rearing system. Forty Hereford heifers (159 ± 25 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments during winter (98 days): winter grass pasture a rate of 5 kg (...) of dry matter (DM) per 100 kg liveweight (LW) and four total mixed rations with 30 % of roughage fed in a feedlot, differing in OF (2,2 %, 2,5 %, 2,9 % and 3,2 % LW on a dry matter basis). During spring (84 days), all treatments grazed a mixed pasture (6 kg DM /100 kg LW) in weekly plots, with independent plots per repetition (n=2 plots/treatment). The experiment was analyzed as a completely randomized design, using orthogonal contrasts to compare the effect of feeding system: feedlot (SAC) vs. grazing (SAP) and the effect of OF during winter in SAC. At the end of the feedlot period (first fourteen days), SAC treatments reported weight loss compared to SAP (-0,46 vs. 0,44 kg/day, P < 0,001), and this weight loss was also associated with OF (P= 0,0195). However, during the whole winter-spring period, SAC showed a greater ADG compared to SAP (0,68 vs. 0,55 kg/day, P= 0,001) and a better FE (10,7 vs. 9,65 kg DM/kg LW, P ≤ 0,05). In SAC, ADG increased with OF (P = 0,02), but no significant differences were found in FE (P > 0,05). An ad libitum feedlot feeding system results in greater body weight at the end of spring. Key words: beef cattle, confinement, feed conversion ratio, feed restriction, transition period. Efecto del nivel de oferta de alimento en la recría a corral sobre el crecimiento animal y la eficiencia de conversión en el período invierno-primavera Resumen: Se evaluó el efecto de la alimentación a corral de terneros y del nivel de oferta de alimento (OA) sobre la ganancia diaria (GMD) y la eficiencia de conversión (EC) del alimento durante el período invierno-primavera (182 días). Cuarenta terneras Hereford (159 ± 25 kg) fueron asignadas al azar a cinco tratamientos durante el invierno (98 d): pastoreo de verdeos a razón de 5 kg de materia seca (MS) cada 100 kg peso vivo (PV) y cuatro raciones totalmente mezcladas con 30 % de voluminoso suministradas a corral que diferían en la OA (2,2 %, 2,5 %, 2,9 % y 3,2 % del PV en base seca). En primavera (84 d), todos los tratamientos pastorearon una pradera mezcla 2 (6 kg MS/100 kg PV), en parcelas semanales, independientes por repetición (n = 2 parcelas/tratamiento). El experimento se analizó según un diseño completamente al azar, utilizando contrastes ortogonales para comparar el efecto del sistema de alimentación: corral (SAC) vs. pastoreo (SAP) y el efecto asociado a la OA durante el invierno en SAC. A la salida del corral (primeros catorce días), los SAC reportaron pérdidas de peso respecto a SAP (-0,46 vs. 0,44 kg/día, P < 0,001), también asociadas a la OA (P = 0,0195). Sin embargo, en el período invierno-primavera, SAC presentó mayores GMD respecto a SAP (0,68 vs. 0,55 kg/día, P = 0,001) y una mejor EC (10,7 vs. 9,65 kg MS/kg PV, P ≤ 0,05). En SAC, la GMD incrementó con la OA (P = 0,02), pero no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la EC (P > 0,05). La alimentación a corral ad libitum determina mayores pesos a fines de primavera. Palabras claves: confinamiento, eficiencia de uso del alimento, ganado vacuno, período de transición, restricción del consumo. Efeito do nível de oferta de alimento no confinamento sobre o crescimento animal e a eficiência de conversão no período inverno-primavera Resumo: Foi avaliado o efeito da alimentação de bezerros confinados e do nível de oferta de alimento (OA) no ganho diário de peso (GMD) e eficiência de conversão (EC) durante o período inverno-primavera (182 dias). Quarenta bezerras Hereford (159 ± 25 kg) foram aleatoriamente designadas para cinco tratamentos durante inverno (98 dias): pastagem de inverno com 5 kg de matéria seca (MS) cada 100 kg de peso vivo (PV) e quatro rações totalmente misturadas (30 % volumoso) fornecidas em confinamento, diferindo na OA (2,2 %, 2,5 %, 2,9 % e 3,2 % PV em base seca). Na primavera (84 dias), todos os tratamentos pastejaram (6 kg MS/100 kg PV), em parcelas semanais, independentes por repetição (n = 2 parcelas/tratamento). O experimento foi analisado usando um delineamento completamente ao acaso, utilizando contrastes ortogonais para comparar o efeito do sistema de alimentação: confinamento (SAC) vs. pastagem (SAP) e o efeito associado à OA no inverno em SAC. Na saída do confinamento (primeiro quatorze dias), os animais no SAC apresentaram perda de peso em comparação com o SAP (-0,46 vs. 0,44 kg/dia, P < 0,001). No SAC, essa redução foi associada à OA (P = 0,0195). No período invernoprimavera, o SAC apresentou maior GMD em relação ao SAP (0,68 vs. 0,55 kg/dia, P = 0,001) e melhor EC (10,7 vs. 9,65 kg MS/kg PV, P ≤ 0,05). No SAC, o GMD aumentou com a OA (P= 0,02), embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças significativas na EC (P > 0,05). A alimentação ad libitum em confinamento resulta em pesos mais altos no final da primavera. Palavras-chave: confinamento, eficiência de uso alimentar, gado de corte, período de transição, restrição alimentar. (shrink)

New trends in the economic systems management in the context of modern global challenges: collective monograph / scientific edited by M. Bezpartochnyi, in 2 Vol. // VUZF University of Finance, Business and Entrepreneurship. – Sofia: VUZF Publishing House “St. Grigorii Bogoslov”, 2020. – Vol. 1. – 309 p.

The global water crisis is being exacerbated by climate change, even in the United States. Recycled water is a feasible alternative to alleviate the water shortage, but it is constrained by humans’ perceptions. The current study examines how residents’ water scarcity awareness and climate change belief influence their willingness to use recycled water directly and indirectly. Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics was employed on a dataset of 1831 residents in Albuquerque, New Mexico, an arid inland region in the US. We (...) discovered that residents’ willingness to use direct recycled potable water is positively affected by their awareness of water scarcity, but only if they believe in the impacts of climate change on the water cycle. Meanwhile, the willingness to use indirect recycled potable water is influenced by water scarcity awareness, and the belief in climate change further enhances this effect. These findings implicate that fighting climate change denialism and informing the public of the water scarcity situation in the region can contribute to the effectiveness and sustainability of long-term water conservation and climate change alleviation efforts. (shrink)

Diabetes is a major public health issue that affects the nations of our time to a large extent and is described as a non-communicable epidemic. Diabetes mellitus is a common disease where there is too much sugar (glucose) floating around in your blood. This occurs because either the pancreas can’t produce enough insulin or the cells in body have become resistant to insulin. The concentration in this paper is on diagnosis diabetes by designing a proposed expert system. The main goal (...) of this expert system is to get the appropriate diagnosing of the illness, dealing with it quickly, and tips for permanent treatment whenever possible is given out. SL5 object expert system language was used for designing and implementing the proposed expert system. (shrink)

Mental health issues among children and adolescents have become a global public health concern, exacerbated by factors like academic pressure, social comparison, and the post-pandemic impact. This project aims to develop a software-based mental health surveillance platform to assess and track the psychological well-being of students, offering early detection and personalized intervention recommendations. Built using Python, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Flask, the system leverages AI and machine learning, including XGBoost for classification and KMeans Clustering for grouping students based on mental (...) health data such as academic performance, attendance, behavior, and mood. The platform predicts risk levels (“Low Risk,” “Moderate Risk,” “High Risk”) and suggests timely interventions for counselors, educators, and parents. The system is accessible via a secure web portal and does not require high-end infrastructure, making it suitable for schools with varying economic backgrounds. Data privacy and ethical AI standards are prioritized to ensure secure, anonymized data storage. The ultimate goal is to create a scalable solution for early intervention, contributing to emotionally resilient youth in line with India’s National Education Policy (NEP) and digital health initiatives. (shrink)

The paper considers contemporary models of presumption in terms of their ability to contribute to a working theory of presumption for argumentation. Beginning with the Whatelian model, we consider its contemporary developments and alternatives, as proposed by Sidgwick, Kauffeld, Cronkhite, Rescher, Walton, Freeman, Ullmann-Margalit, and Hansen. Based on these accounts, we present a picture of presumptions characterized by their nature, function, foundation and force. On our account, presumption is a modal status that is attached to a claim and has the (...) effect of shifting, in a dialogue, a burden of proof set at a local level. Presumptions can be analysed and evaluated inferentially as components of rule-based structures. Presumptions are defeasible, and the force of a presumption is a function of its normative foundation. This picture seeks to provide a framework to guide the development of specific theories of presumption. (shrink)

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms generally come on slowly over time. Early in the disease, the most obvious are shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking. Doctors do not know what causes it and finds difficulty in early diagnosing the presence of Parkinson’s disease. An artificial neural network system with back propagation algorithm is presented in this paper for helping doctors in identifying (...) PD. Previous research with regards to predict the presence of the PD has shown accuracy rates up to 93% [1]; however, accuracy of prediction for small classes is reduced. The proposed design of the neural network system causes a significant increase of robustness. It is also has shown that networks recognition rates reached 100%. (shrink)

The explanatory challenge of sentience is known as the “hard problem of consciousness”: How does subjective experience arise from physical objects and their relations? Despite some optimistic claims, the perennial struggle with this question shows little evidence of imminent resolution. In this article I focus on the “why” rather than on the “how” of sentience. Specifically, why did sentience evolve in organic lifeforms? From an evolutionary perspective this question can be framed: “What adaptive problem(s) did organisms face in their evolutionary (...) past and how were those challenges met? I argue that sentience was a critical component of the adaptive solution (i.e., adopting an agentic stance) to increasingly complex and unpredictable demands placed on vertebrates approximately 500 million years ago (the so-called Cambrian explosion). One consequence of taking an agentic stance is that it freed the organism from its neural moorings, positioning it within phenomenal space outside its brain. (shrink)

In 2035 global egg demand will have risen 50% from 1985. Because we are not able to tell in the egg whether it will become a male or female chick, billons of one day-old male chicks will be killed. International research initiatives are underway in this area, and governments encourage the development of an alternative with the goal of eliminating the culling of day-old male chicks. The Netherlands holds an exceptional position in the European egg trade, but is also the (...) only country in the European Union where the downside of the egg sector, the practice of killing day-old male chicks, is a recurrent subject of societal debate. ‘Preventing the killing of young animals’ and ‘in ovo sex determination’ are the two alternative approaches available to solve this problem. It is clear that both approaches solve the problem of killing day-old male chicks, either by keeping them alive or by preventing them from living, but they also raise a lot of new animal welfare-related dilemmas. A thorough analysis was undertaken of these dilemmas and the results are presented in this article. The analysis resulted in an ethical framework based on the two main approaches in bioethics: a consequentialist approach and a deontological approach. This ethical framework was used to develop an online survey administered to ascertain Dutch public opinion about these alternative approaches. The results show that neither alternative will be fully accepted, or accepted by more than half of Dutch society. However, the survey does provide an insight into the motives that are important for people’s choice: food safety and a good treatment of animals. Irrespective of the approach chosen, these values should be safeguarded and communicated clearly. (shrink)

Digitalization processes are global and performed in all spheres of economic activities. The development of the digital economy correlates with the dynamics of educational, scientific and technical, and innovative activities in the country. Higher education particularly affects the development of the digital economy because it is a system training highly qualified personnel, conducting quality research, and generating innovations. The purpose of the article is the identification of promising vectors of higher education system development under the conditions of digitalization of national (...) economy. Section 1 of the article presents the authors’ methodological approach to assessment the impact of educational, research, and innovation components on digital economy development. The implementation of the authors’ approach covers the phased use of methods of statistical, index, cluster and system analysis. The influence of higher education on the structural components of the digital economy (educational, research, innovative ones) is grounded. The result of the study was the identification of main trends in the development of higher education under the conditions of digital economy. The problems of the development of higher education are systematized in the groups: contextual, legal, organizational and economic, financial, logistical problems, and problems of internationalization. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors conclude the necessity of development of a conceptual base for increasing the digital adaptability of the higher education system to new socio-economic conditions. Section 2 of the article describes the concept of the digital adaptability strategy of the higher education system. The concept was developed on the base of structural and functional, systemic and synergetic, and institutional approaches. The proposed concept is based on the idea of deepening the long-term partnership of universities with stakeholders within the Quadruple Helix model. In the conclusion section, the authors highlight the key priorities of the digital adaptability strategy of the higher education system. (shrink)

Abstract: Retama raetam (RR) is a traditional medicinal plant belongs to fabaceae family which grows in North Africa and East Mediterranean region. Locally, RR is used in several diseases including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Thus, this study aims to investigate certain behavioral and central effects of methanolic extract of RR seeds in experimental animals (male Albino adult mice of 20 – 35 gm). Three exploratory behavioral models are used in this study, open field, elevated plus maze and light-dark box models, (...) in addition, picrotoxin induced seizure model in mice. In elevated plus-maze test of anxiety, a dose of 25 mg/kg of RR induced a significant increase in number of open arms entries and time spent on open arms of the maze compared to the control. In light-dark model, time spent on light area and number of light-dark transitions are significantly increased after treatment with 25 mg/kg RR extract of seeds. Open field model also revealed a significant increase in general motor activity of the mouse after 25 mg/kg of RR. On the other hand, a dose of 50 mg/kg of RR significantly induced a profound central and peripheral analgesic responses. In summary, this study concludes that RR seeds have a profound anxiolytic-like effect and analgesic response with delay in latency time of seizure induced by picrotoxin in mice. (shrink)

Background If trials of therapeutic interventions are to serve society's interests, they must be of high methodological quality and must satisfy moral commitments to human subjects. The authors set out to develop a clinical - trials compendium in which standards for the ethical treatment of human subjects are integrated with standards for research methods. Methods The authors rank-ordered the world's nations and chose the 31 with >700 active trials as of 24 July 2008. Governmental and other authoritative entities of the (...) 31 countries were searched, and 1004 English-language documents containing ethical and/or methodological standards for clinical trials were identified. The authors extracted standards from 144 of those: 50 designated as ‘core’, 39 addressing trials of invasive procedures and a 5% sample of the remainder. As the integrating framework for the standards we developed a coherent taxonomy encompassing all elements of a trial's stages. Findings Review of the 144 documents yielded nearly 15 000 discrete standards. After duplicates were removed, 5903 substantive standards remained, distributed in the taxonomy as follows: initiation, 1401 standards, 8 divisions; design, 1869 standards, 16 divisions; conduct, 1473 standards, 8 divisions; analysing and reporting results, 997 standards, four divisions; and post-trial standards, 168 standards, 5 divisions. Conclusions The overwhelming number of source documents and standards uncovered in this study was not anticipated beforehand and confirms the extraordinary complexity of the clinical trials enterprise. This taxonomy of multinational ethical and methodological standards may help trialists and overseers improve the quality of clinical trials, particularly given the globalisation of clinical research. (shrink)

The book addresses the question of what are the routes and mechanisms of the theory-change process in science at the level when the change involves the calling in question of a mature theory, i.e. one which has been accepted as accounting very well for a large range of experimental phenomenon.

Knowledge of human uses of animals is an important, but understudied, aspect of how humans treat animals. We developed a measure of one kind of knowledge of human uses of animals – knowledge of factory farming. Studies 1 (N = 270) and 2 (N = 270) tested an initial battery of objective, true or false statements about factory farming using Item Response Theory. Studies 3 (N = 241) and 4 (N = 278) provided evidence that responses to a 10-item Knowledge (...) of Factory Farming Scale predicted a reduction in consumption of animal products (rs = −.17- −.27) and approval of political actions aimed at factory farming (rs = .2 – .24). Path models from Studies 3 and 4 suggested that different kinds of knowledge uniquely predicted different outcomes. The Knowledge of Factory Farming scale was a unique predictor of approval of political actions concerning factory farmed animals but not animal consumption. Knowledge of Animals Used as Food predicted animal consumption but not political actions concerning farmed animals. These results highlight that different kinds of knowledge can be relevant for different animal related outcomes. (shrink)

Uric acid has increasingly been associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients who are hyperuricemic have a risk of developing diabetic complications. Pathogenesis of uric acid may decrease nitric oxide bioavailability in vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells and direct scavenging of nitric oxide by uric acid. A decrease in endothelial nitric oxide production by uric acid has also been associated with endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. This study aims to determine the relationship between uric acid (...) and glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study included 161 Libyan patients (67 males and 94 females) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both levels of serum uric acid and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were determined. The patients were divided into two groups. The controllable diabetic group with HbA1c of less than 06.0% and the uncontrollable diabetic group with HbA1c of more than 06.0%. Patients who are suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications were included whereas patients with smoking, alcoholism, nephrotic disease, malignancy, hepatitis, and renal failure or kidney disease were excluded. The mean and standard deviation of uric acid, HbA1c and Pearson correlation coefficient test were considered. In the controllable diabetic group, serum uric acid mean was found to be 4.807±1.39 and HbA1c was found to be 5.032±1.39. In the uncontrollable diabetic group, serum uric acid was 4.897±1.66 and HbA1c was 8.396±1.65. Uric acid level has significantly been correlated with HBA1C in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients (p<0.05). In addition, the uric acid level was found to be higher in the uncontrolled diabetic group than that in the controlled group (p<0.05). A possible relationship between serum uric acid and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was noted. Thus, uric acid can be used as a potential biomarker to indicate impaired glucose metabolism. (shrink)

Loan waivers play a crucial role in supporting financially distressed individuals, but the verification process is often plagued by inefficiencies, errors, and fraudulent claims. Traditional methods rely on manual validation of Aadhar and smart cards, which are time-consuming and vulnerable to forgery. To address these challenges, this project proposes an AI-based Aadhar and Smart Card Verification System that automates identity authentication using advanced technologies. The system captures Aadhar and smart card images through a scanner or camera and processes them using (...) Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to extract essential details such as name, Aadhar number, and other credentials. Facial recognition techniques, powered by DeepFace or FaceNet, compare the cardholder's image with a live photo to ensure authenticity. Al-driven data validation mechanisms cross- check the extracted information with government databases using checksum validation and predefined rules to detect inconsistencies or tampering. Additionally, AI-based fraud detection models analyze anomalies in images and text to identify forged or manipulated documents. The system significantly reduces manual effort, minimizes the risk of identity fraud, and enhances verification accuracy. A user- friendly interface allows applicants to upload their documents easily and receive real-time verification results. The integration of AI and deep learning ensures a secure, scalable, and efficient approach to loan waiver verification, making the process more reliable and trustworthy. By leveraging automation, this solution streamlines the approval process, prevents fraudulent claims, and improves the overall efficiency of financial institutions and government agencies handling loan waivers. (shrink)

This qualitative case study investigates the environmental implications of tourist arrivals in Matabungkay Beach, Lian, and their impact on the destination image. Through in-depth interviews with seven key stakeholders, including local residents, business owners, and environmental activists, the study explores perceptions, concerns, and potential solutions regarding the intersection of tourism and environmental sustainability. Findings reveal a complex relationship between tourism and environmental degradation, with participants expressing concerns about poor waste management, impacts on destination image, and health concerns. These challenges not (...) only threaten the natural beauty and biodiversity of the area but also tarnish the destination's image, affecting its appeal to tourists and potential investors. Despite these challenges, participants highlight existing initiatives and potential solutions, including community-based conservation efforts, sustainable tourism practices, and enhanced regulations. Collaboration among stakeholders is emphasized as crucial for achieving a balance between tourism development and environmental preservation. The study underscores the need for comprehensive strategies includes formulated an ordinance for comprehensive waste management and pollution control ordinance to optimize the destination image of Matabungkay Beach while addressing its environmental challenges. By integrating sustainable practices and fostering community engagement, the destination can enhance its appeal while safeguarding its natural resources for future generations. (shrink)

The quick adoption of EVs is important in minimizing the production of greenhouse gas emissions, yet the green contribution of EV batteries—from production to disposal— aggravates people. The piece examines the life cycle of EV batteries, examining their carbon contribution from raw material mining to environmentally friendly disposal. Lithium, cobalt, and nickel are needed in EV batteries, mined on a large scale that leads to deforestation, land degradation, and water resource contamination. Mining has social problems as well, such as exploitation (...) of labor and geopolitical conflicts. Battery manufacturing is energy-intensive, usually grid-based, employing fossil fuel, with associated emissions. EVs have lower life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than ICE vehicles, provided clean electricity powers them. Life cycle analysis studies indicate that they pay back upfront emissions in the long term, though efficiency and battery life are needed to achieve best dividends. Recycling and waste disposal are significant issues. Few lithium-ion batteries are recycled because of economic and technological limitations. Combustion and landfilling are hazardous with chemical leakage and fire hazards. Second-life use and advanced recycling are green technologies that can reduce damage. New recycling technologies such as direct recycling and hydrometallurgical recycling enable efficient recovery of precious metals. Recycling existing batteries for energy storage prolongs their lifespan and enables renewables. There is an emerging circular economy for EV batteries with regulations such as extended producer responsibility and battery passports encouraging ethical sourcing and recycling. Future batteries like solid-state and sodium-ion provide promising alternatives with improved recyclability. A comprehensive approach—innovation, regulation, and consumer restraint—is needed to make sustainable mobility with minimal environmental footprint a reality. (shrink)

: Deepfake technology enables the creation of hyper-realistic fake videos, posing significant threats in domains like politics, law enforcement, and cybersecurity. This project proposes a deepfake detection framework leveraging facial feature embeddings using FaceNet512, followed by classification through transfer learning models. Unlike traditional CNN-based detectors that analyze full video frames, this method isolates and processes facial data, ensuring higher efficiency and accuracy. Additionally, a real-time email alert system notifies users upon deepfake detection. Evaluation across benchmark datasets like DFDC and FaceForensics++ (...) demonstrates high accuracy, robustness, and suitability for real-time deployment. The proposed system is designed to detect subtle facial manipulations using efficient feature extraction and classification techniques. By focusing on key facial landmarks and minimizing the amount of data analyzed, it ensures quick and effective identification of forged content. The use of pre-trained models via transfer learning significantly reduces the training time while maintaining high generalization across various datasets. Integration with email alerts also provides timely responses for practical security applications. The solution is versatile, scalable, and offers real - world utility in environments like social media platforms, digital forensics, and content authentication. It offers a balanced approach to performance and usability, setting a foundation for future improvements like audio detection, multimodal input support, and deployment on mobile or edge device. (shrink)

The study examined constraints to accessing micro credit loan scheme of Bank of Agriculture BOA among farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria Implications for extension service delivery. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting one hundred 100 respondents for the study. Data were collected using structured interview schedule questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean scores and standard deviation. The study revealed that micro credit loan scheme 88.6 were the most patronized among the rural farmers. Others such as (...) ECOWAS, IFAD project and ATHP programme were not patronized at all, probably because the type of projects sponsored by these credit loan scheme are not important to the respondents. The respondents farmers were highly constrained by late release of funds M= 1.27 , grace period too short M= 1. 17 , excessive bureaucracy M= 1. 14 , too short payback period M= 1. 13 , services not regular M= 1. 13 , among others. The Bank of Agriculture staff also noted that they were constrained by late release of approved funds by head quarters of the Bank of Agriculture M= 1.43 , loan diversion M= 1.27 , poor funding of field officers M= 1.20 , lack of awareness by borrowers M= 1.10 and insufficient staff M= 0.93 . The study recommends that adequate awareness campaign on the availability of micro credit loan scheme by Bank of Agriculture should be created in order for the beneficiaries to be knowledgeable about it. It highlights the need for approval of more funds under the scheme and timely release of funds when needed especially during planting season in order to enable the farmers to make judicious use of it for optimum productivity. Mbah Evangeline N | Jiriko, R | Agada, M.O. "Constraints to Accessing Micro-Credit and Loan Scheme of Bank of Agriculture among Farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria: Implications for Extension Service Delivery" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017 . (shrink)

RESUMO O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que buscou reunir informações sobre o efeito da utilização da vagem de faveira sobre a qualidade da carne e características de carcaça de pequenos ruminantes. A faveira é uma leguminosa presente nos estados do Piauí e Maranhão. Suas vagens apresentam elevados teores nutricionais, com aproximadamente 11,18% de proteína bruta e 10,79% de compostos fenólicos, incluindo taninos. Embora estejam disponíveis apenas nos meses de setembro e outubro, podem ser secas e utilizadas (...) durante a estação seca, representando uma alternativa alimentar interessante para os animais. Os taninos presentes na composição da Parkia platycephala, quando inseridos na alimentação de cordeiros podem modular a biohidrogenação e, consequentemente, melhorar o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) da carne de cordeiros e minimizando a oxidação lipídica, ajudando a preservar o valor nutricional e as características sensoriais do produto cárneo. A utilização da vagem de faveira na alimentação de pequenos ruminantes, pode ser utilizada em até 100%, sem interferir nas características de carcaça e na qualidade da carne. Sendo considerado um alimento alternativo com potencial nutritivo e viável para produtores. Palavras-chave: proteína animal; valor nutricional; vagem de faveira. (shrink)

The current paper critically reviews the most significant announcements in presenting the "Union Budget (2025-26)" by Hon'ble Finance Minister Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman, specifically from the viewpoint of their tax policy and economic development implications. It emphasizes how the government seeks to meet the fiscal requirements of diverse socio-economic groups, including the middle class and lower-income communities. By analysing changes in tax slab rates and implementing new tax policies, the research will determine the problems and advantages that these measures have for (...) taxpayers and service sectors looking for relief and opportunities for growth. The paper also discusses how these fiscal policies are structured to spur economic activity, increase disposable income, and encourage investment in major sectors. It examines the likely effect of these changes on consumer expenditure, savings, and overall economic stability. The research also attempts to forecast future economic cycles and their probable implications for sustainable development and social well-being in India. Based on an examination of the allround approach adopted in the Union Budget, this study attempts to offer insights into how effective the proposed tax reforms are going to be and how they contribute towards creating a more inclusive and robust economy, leading to the prosperity of the nation. (shrink)

Dermatological diseases constitute a significant portion of global health concerns, with millions of people affected by conditions ranging from acne to life-threatening skin cancers such as melanoma. Despite the high prevalence of these disorders, access to dermatological care remains limited, especially in rural and under-resourced regions. The increasing burden on healthcare systems necessitates the adoption of efficient diagnostic support tools. This paper presents the development of an AI-based diagnostic system for the preliminary identification of dermatological manifestations using deep learning. The (...) proposed system leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify dermatoscopic images into multiple skin disease categories. The model, trained on the HAM10000 dataset, incorporates visual interpretability tools like Grad-CAM to ensure that healthcare workers can understand the rationale behind predictions. Our results show that the model can achieve an accuracy of over 91%, with high precision and recall, making it suitable for deployment in real-world settings where immediate dermatological consultation is unavailable. The tool is deployed through a web interface and designed with privacy and ethical considerations to ensure safe, explainable, and equitable use. (shrink)

Industrial Engineering (IE) education is a SCIENCE, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) discipline that requires an appropriate instruction approach, thus making it imperative to look deep into finding a suitable learning approach. Surprisingly, in Nigeria, there is an absence of course-specific studies that utilized a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) approach to evaluate STEM learning strategies in order of importance in deploying IE subjects for the utmost academic fulfilment of the pedagogical requirements as provided in the curriculum. Analytical Hierarchical Process (...) and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (AHP-PROMETHEE) model were used to develop the hierarchical model of the problem and illustratively rank the STEM alternatives and core STEM competent criteria to facilitate appropriate learning for IE education. The results show that the prioritised STEM approach for IE education is Challenge-Based LEARNING (CBL), followed by ProjectBased Learning (PJBL). The core competence associated with these two STEM learning strategies ranges from collaboration, critical thinking, independent learning, problem-solving and digital literacy. (shrink)

The monograph summarizes energy and environmental aspects of biofuel production from waste in the context of rural development; institutional aspects of the formation of a “green economy” in the agricultural sector are considered; attention is paid to energy auditing as a form of implementing the state policy on energy saving and energy efficiency. The monograph includes the results obtained in the implementation of the state scientific work “Development of the concept of ensuring energy security and energy efficiency as priority areas (...) for sustainable development of rural areas” (0121U109443), 2021-2022. For researchers, agriculture specialists, ecologists, economists, entrepreneurs, teachers, students, graduate students. (shrink)

Machine learning algorithms may radically improve our ability to diagnose and treat disease. For moral, legal, and scientific reasons, it is essential that doctors and patients be able to understand and explain the predictions of these models. Scalable, customisable, and ethical solutions can be achieved by working together with relevant stakeholders, including patients, data scientists, and policy makers.

The behavior of macroeconomic indicators (reflecting the development of both the national economy as a whole and that of individual economic sectors) testifies to the low current efficiency of the functioning of economic entities in the context of economic activities. This in turn necessitates scientific substantiation of developing and introducing theoretical and methodological recommendations to ensure innovative development of the country. One of the most effective ways to practically implement this task is to substantiate methods for quantitative assessment of potential (...) in the context of economic activities. The practical value of applying these methods is that the results of the integrated assessment of potential can be used as a criterion for the priority development of certain economic sectors or economic activities. (shrink)

[...] Rousseau bir yandan çağının yükselen değerlerinden yararlanırken diğer yandan bu değerlerin içeriden eleştirisini yapmayı başarabilen düşünürlerden biri olduğu için fikirleri ölümünden asırlar sonra bile önemini yitirmemiştir. Demokratik devletlerin meşruiyet krizinin giderek derinleştiği ve çoğunlukçu, majoritarian, ideolojilerin etraflıca sorgulanmaya başlandığı çağımızda, demokrasiyi çoğunluk kararına ek olarak “rıza”, “Yurttaşlık”, “sivil özgürlük”, “kamusal uzlaşı” ve “Genel İrade” kavramlarıyla birlikte ele alan Rousseau’yu yeniden okumak önemlidir [...] Rousseau-demokrasi ilişkisinin kazılıp ortaya çıkartılacağı bu metinde uğranılacak olan kavramsal duraklar sırasıyla: Eşitsizlik (doğal ve toplumsal), özgürlük (...) (doğal ve sivil), politik bütün (bodypolitic), Genel İrade, ortak iyi (common good) ve Egemen olmalıdır. Söz konusu kavramlar, Rousseau’nun onlara yüklediği özgün anlamları gözden kaçırılmadan sanki ilk defa karşılaşılıyormuşçasına bir zihin açıklığı ile okundukları zaman, onun demokrasi görüşü de gün ışığına çıkartılabilir. (shrink)

Considerable recent research in neurosciences has dealt with the topic of consciousness, even though there is still disagreement about how to identify and classify conscious states. Recent behavioral work on the topic also exists. We survey recent behavioral and neuroscientific literature with the aims of commenting on strengths and weaknesses of the literature and mapping new directions and recommendations for experimental psychologists. We reconcile this literature with a view of human information processing (Cowan, 1988; Cowan et al., 2024) in which (...) a capacity-limited focus of attention is embedded within the activated portion of long-term memory, with dual bottom-up and top-down control of the focus of attention. None of the many extant theories fully captures what we propose as the organization of conscious thought at cognitive and neural levels. It seems clear that information from various cognitive functions, based on signals from various brain areas, is integrated into a conscious whole. In our new proposal, the integration involves funneling information to a hub or focus of attention neurally centered in the parietal lobes and functionally connected to areas representing the currently attended information. This funneling process (bringing information from diverse sensory and frontal sources to contact a small parietal area where attended information is coordinated and combined) may be the converse of global broadcasting, from other proposals (Baars et al., 2021; Baars & Franklin, 2003; Dehaene & Changeux, 2011). The proposed system incorporates many principles from previous research and theorization and strives toward a resolution of the relation between consciousness and attention. Keywords: consciousness, attention, embedded processes model, experimental psychology, neuroscience. (shrink)

Deleuze’ün Spinozacı yaşam tahayyülünde ‘ne yapmalıyız?’ sorusuna normatif, ahlaki ya da siyasi bir yanıt bulamıyoruz ama varoluşu düşünmenin içkin bir olanağını keşfediyoruz. Düşünmeye 'dışarıdan' yani dünyadan başlamak insani (kurgusal) bir dünyaya değil, içinde yaşadığımız gerçek dünyaya inanmak demektir. İçkinliğin politik anlamı düşünceyi dünyaya getirmektir.

The study aimed to identify Design Thinking and its use in NGOs in Gaza Strip. In order to achieve the objectives of the study and to test its hypotheses, the analytical descriptive method was used, relying on the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection. The study society was one of the decision makers in the local NGOs in the Gaza Strip. The study population reached 78 local NGOs in Gaza Strip. The overall inventory of the possible study community (...) was based mainly on the use of the SPSS in processing and analyzing the data obtained through the survey tool. Smart-PLS was also used to construct the structural equation model (SEM) Analyzing the relationship between study variables. The study found that Design Thinking mediates the relationship between the management of process design and decision making with a holistic effect. The study showed the interest of local NGOs in creating a good mental image in the local community. And the ownership of local NGOs to the expertise and technical skills required to implement the projects, and showed the adoption of local NGOs in their activities to meet the needs of the beneficiaries and their wishes, and local NGOs analyze the problem, and causes, through data relevant to the decision, based on reference data for decision-making. The main recommendations of the study are: The need for senior management in the local NGOs in Gaza Strip to adopt the methodology of design thinking because of its impact on the sustainability of the projects, design the technical feasibility study and meet the wishes of the beneficiaries. (shrink)

Until recently, psychologists have conceptualised and studied trust in God (TIG) largely in isolation from contemporary work in theology, philosophy, history, and biblical studies that has examined the topic with increasing clarity. In this article, we first review the primary ways that psychologists have conceptualised and measured TIG. Then, we draw on conceptualizations of TIG outside the psychology of religion to provide a conceptual map for how TIG might be related to theorised predictors and outcomes. Finally, we provide a research (...) agenda for future empirical work in this area, as well as practical applications for counsellors and religious leaders. (shrink)

The study aimed to identify the reality of decision-making in the local NGOs in Gaza Strip. In order to achieve the objectives of the study and to test its hypotheses, the analytical descriptive method was used, relying on the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection. The study society was one of the decision makers in the local NGOs in Gaza Strip. The study population reached 78 local NGOs in Gaza Strip. A Census Method of the possible study community (...) was adopted, and the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was mainly based on the analysis and analysis of the data obtained through the survey tool. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: NGOs follow a decision-making mechanism. NGOs examine the problems and causes of the organization. Organizations are less concerned with stakeholder participation. Make decision. The main recommendations of the study are: To promote systematic methods of decision-making in NGOs in Gaza Strip: Local NGOs in Gaza Strip should continue to develop their competencies in order to make sound and correct decisions and encourage them to follow the scientific methodologies in the mechanism of taking Decisions. (shrink)

The study aimed at identifying the personal variables and their effect in promoting job creation in Gaza Strip through business incubators. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach to achieve the study objectives. The study population consisted of 92 of the pilot projects benefiting from the three business incubators in Gaza Strip (Palestinian Information Technology Incubator, UCAS Technology Incubator and Business and Technology Incubator). The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are the existence of statistically (...) significant differences on entrepreneurship attributed to each age as most of them are between the ages of 22-30, Gender for males, business incubator, scientific qualification for the specialties of information technology and engineering, and years of experience. Based on the findings, the researchers recommend focusing on university students in guiding them towards entrepreneurship and helping new graduates to start entrepreneurship. And to guide students to scientific disciplines that help them in entrepreneurship after graduation, whether starting a small business or self-employment, support females to entrepreneurship as most of the entrepreneurs are male, in addition to stimulating males as well. (shrink)

In this аrtiсlе, thе аuthоr fосusеs оn еluсidаting sоmе philоsоphiсаl аspесts оf intеrсulturаl соmmuniсаtiоn in thе соntеxt оf glоbаlizаtiоn оn thе bаsis оf rесоgnizing thе соntributiоns аnd limitаtiоns оf Wittgеnstеin tо thе birth оf philоsоphy. сulturе study. Thоsе philоsоphiсаl issuеs аrе: thе similаrity in thinking аnd асting оf pеоplе асrоss сulturеs; divеrsity оf сulturеs, wоrldviеws аnd wаys оf lifе. Frоm thе Mаrxist pоint оf viеw, thе аuthоr pоintеd оut аnd сritiсizеd thе limitаtiоns оf Wittgеnstеin's philоsоphiсаl соnсеptiоn; аnd аt thе sаmе (...) timе оffеr аnd еxplаin sоlutiоns tо implеmеnt intеrсulturаl соmmuniсаtiоn in thе соntеxt оf сurrеnt glоbаlizаtiоn. (shrink)

Shortages of new therapeutics to treat coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have forced clinicians, public health officials, and health systems to grapple with difficult questions about how to fairly allocate potentially life-saving treatments when there are not enough for all patients in need (1). Shortages have occurred with remdesivir, tocilizumab, monoclonal antibodies, and the oral antiviral Paxlovid (2) -/- Ensuring equitable allocation is especially important in light of the disproportionate burden experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic by disadvantaged groups, including Black, Hispanic/Latino and (...) Indigenous communities, individuals with certain disabilities, and low-income persons. However, many health systems have resorted to first-come, first-served approaches to allocation, which tend to disadvantage individuals with barriers in access to care (3). There is mounting evidence of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in access to medications for COVID-19 (4, 5). -/- One potential method to promote equitable allocation is to use a weighted lottery, which is an allocation strategy that gives all eligible patients a chance to receive the scarce treatment while also allowing the assignment of higher or lower chances according to other ethical considerations (6). We sought to assess the feasibility of implementing a weighted lottery to allocate scarce COVID-19 medications in a large U.S. health system and to determine whether the weighted lottery promotes equitable allocation. (shrink)

This chapter describes the potential far‐reaching consequences of contemplative higher education for the fields of science and medicine.

Bilim felsefesinin en temel problemlerinden biri olan sınırlandırma problemi belirli bir ölçüt vasıtası ile bilimi, bilimsel olmayan ya da sahte/sözde bilim olan etkinliklerden ayırt edip edemeyeceğimizi konu edinmektedir. Literatüre baktığımızda felsefeciler –özellikle bilim felsefecileri– bilimin doğasını karakterize etme girişiminde bulunurken bilim dilinin mantıksal yapısına ya da bilimin tarihsel süreçlerine odaklanarak, bilimi bilimsel olmayan ya da sahte-bilim olan etkinliklerden ayırt etmişlerdir. Bu çalışma ise farklı bir yaklaşım benimseyerek sınırlandırma problemine, felsefecilerin değil, bilim insanlarının perspektifi ile bakmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu sebeple alanında deneyimli (...) ve çeşitli bilim dallarında profesör olan otuz bilim insanı ile niteliksel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Bu görüşmeler aracılığıyla bilim insanlarının sınırlandırma problemi hususunda öne sürdükleri görüşler açığa çıkartılıp değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme neticesinde üç temel bulguya ulaşılmıştır. İlki, sınırlandırma problemine ilişkin sorularımıza bilim insanları tarafından getirilen yanıtların birçoğu temel felsefi yaklaşımlarla uyuşmaktadır. Elde ettiğimiz verileri farklı temalar altında analiz ettiğimiz bu çalışmada, sınırlandırma problemine dair yaygın felsefi görüşlerin, bilim insanlarının görüşleri ile anlamlı benzerlikler taşıdığı kısımlar vurgulanmıştır. İkincisi, sınırlandırma problemi ve bu problemlerle ilişkili diğer meseleler üzerinde felsefi olarak sağlanamayan uzlaşma, bilim insanları arasında da mevcuttur. Ne var ki bu ihtilaf dengeli bir biçimdedir, öyle ki benzer yanıtlara sahip olan bilim insanları baskın bir grup sayısına ulaşmamıştır. Üçüncü ve son olarak, bilim insanlarının bilim felsefesinin temel problemlerine yüksek oranda yabancı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bulgu, her ne kadar nicel olmayan bir yolla ölçülmüşse de verilerin dikkatli analizi durumun bu yönde olduğunu göstermektedir. Tüm bu temel bulgular ışığında, genel değerlendirmemiz, farklı türden yapılandırılmış görüşmelerin çok daha detaylı sonuçlar temin edebileceğidir. (shrink)

Recreational Drugs European Network (ReDNet) project aims to use the Psychonaut Web Mapping Project database (Psychonaut Web Mapping Group, 2009) containing novel psychoactive compounds usually not mentioned in the scientific literature and thus unknown to clinicians as a unique source of information. The database will be used to develop an integrated ICT prevention approach targeted at vulnerable individuals and focused on novel synthetic and herbal compounds and combinations. Particular care will be taken in keeping the health professionals working directly with (...) young people showing problematic behaviors regularly updated in terms of novel compounds and combinations as well. A user-friendly project website will be developed aimed primarily at delivering the information/prevention approaches, but will also be a way of communicating with project partners and relevant stakeholders (e.g. thematic forum facilities, instant messages, blogs, video chat, wikiblog, newsletters distributed via mailing list). The website will support various ICT prevention tools, including an SMS alert service. Different areas and sections will be aimed specifically at the different target groups. -/- . (shrink)