E-learning has taken it full fudged emergence with regards to Covid Scenario. Also, the lockdown of schools and playgrounds, the restriction of outdoor activities, physical and social isolation leads to the behavioural change among school children. Students are more attached to their schools, teachers and friends. But Covid 19 has changed the entire situation changed and they were held in their home itself. Students were not able to meet their friends and teachers, they especially miss their school and class environment. (...) It is to be noted that maintaining social isolation and following “Stay at Home” plays a very high impact among school students. Also, the lockdown created for families and children sit inside their homes. Which ,We cannot leave children’s education as it is. In order to continue their education, Indian Government has taken many efforts .Even schools are doing their best to bridge the gap between teachers and students by providing online education because of the absence of regular classroom education. Because of the introduction of online class by schools, on the one side students are not missing the education, on the other side students and parents faces a lot of problems (Physical and mental. It also puts them at the risk of unsupervised access to websites and other unwanted sites in internet. (shrink)

Nowadays, vehicle parking has become a significant issue in urban areas due to the shortage of parking spaces. Finding a suitable parking spot during rush hours in metropolitan regions is often difficult and frustrating. To address this problem, the paper titled “Smart Parking System Using Android Application” proposes an efficient solution aimed at reducing traffic congestion in roads, multi-storey buildings, and malls caused by the unavailability of parking spaces. The proposed application simplifies the process of parking slot reservation by allowing (...) users to view available parking areas in real-time and check whether a space is available. If an empty slot is found, users can book it for a specific time period. The system also displays the nearest available slot based on the user’s location using GPS technology. The primary goal of the project is to utilize parking spaces efficiently while minimizing traffic congestion. This is achieved through a cloud-based smart parking application that offers real-time monitoring, slot booking, and enhanced services to end users. Additionally, it reduces the administrative workload for parking lot managers by automating the tracking and allocation process. (shrink)

This seventh volume of Collected Papers includes 70 papers comprising 974 pages on (theoretic and applied) neutrosophics, written between 2013-2021 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 122 co-authors from 22 countries: Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Abdel-Nasser Hussian, C. Alexander, Mumtaz Ali, Yaman Akbulut, Amir Abdullah, Amira S. Ashour, Assia Bakali, Kousik Bhattacharya, Kainat Bibi, R. N. Boyd, Ümit Budak, Lulu Cai, Cenap Özel, Chang Su Kim, Victor Christianto, Chunlai Du, Chunxin Bo, Rituparna Chutia, Cu Nguyen Giap, Dao The (...) Son, Vinayak Devvrat, Arindam Dey, Partha Pratim Dey, Fahad Alsharari, Feng Yongfei, S. Ganesan, Shivam Ghildiyal, Bibhas C. Giri, Masooma Raza Hashmi, Ahmed Refaat Hawas, Hoang Viet Long, Le Hoang Son, Hongbo Wang, Hongnian Yu, Mihaiela Iliescu, Saeid Jafari, Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola, Naeem Jan, R. Jeevitha, Jun Ye, Anup Khan, Madad Khan, Salma Khan, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Darjan Karabašević, Kifayat Ullah, Kishore Kumar P.K., Sujit Kumar De, Prasun Kumar Nayak, Malayalan Lathamaheswari, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Anam Luqman, Luu Quoc Dat, Tahir Mahmood, Hafsa M. Malik, Nivetha Martin, Mai Mohamed, Parimala Mani, Mingcong Deng, Mohammed A. Al Shumrani, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohamed Talea, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Gulistan, Farshid Mofidnakhaei, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Riaz, Karthika Muthusamy, Nabeela Ishfaq, Deivanayagampillai Nagarajan, Sumera Naz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Nguyen Tho Thong, Nguyen Xuan Thao, Noor ul Amin, Dragan Pamučar, Gabrijela Popović, S. Krishna Prabha, Surapati Pramanik, Priya R, Qiaoyan Li, Yaser Saber, Said Broumi, Saima Anis, Saleem Abdullah, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Abdulkadir Sengür, Seyed Ahmad Edalatpanah, Shahbaz Ali, Shahzaib Ashraf, Shouzhen Zeng, Shio Gai Quek, Shuangwu Zhu, Shumaiza, Sidra Sayed, Sohail Iqbal, Songtao Shao, Sundas Shahzadi, Dragiša Stanujkić, Željko Stević, Udhayakumar Ramalingam, Zunaira Rashid, Hossein Rashmanlou, Rajkumar Verma, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Desmond Jun Yi Tey, Selçuk Topal, Naveed Yaqoob, Yanhui Guo, Yee Fei Gan, Yingcang Ma, Young Bae Jun, Yuping Lai, Hafiz Abdul Wahab, Wei Yang, Xiaohong Zhang, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Lemnaouar Zedam. (shrink)

This tenth volume of Collected Papers includes 86 papers in English and Spanish languages comprising 972 pages, written between 2014-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 105 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 26 countries: Abu Sufian, Ali Hassan, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Anirudha Ghosh, Assia Bakali, Atiqe Ur Rahman, Laura Bogdan, Willem K.M. Brauers, Erick González Caballero, Fausto Cavallaro, Gavrilă Calefariu, T. Chalapathi, Victor Christianto, Mihaela Colhon, Sergiu Boris Cononovici, Mamoni Dhar, Irfan Deli, Rebeca Escobar-Jara, Alexandru Gal, N. (...) Gandotra, Sudipta Gayen, Vassilis C. Gerogiannis, Noel Batista Hernández, Hongnian Yu, Hongbo Wang, Mihaiela Iliescu, F. Nirmala Irudayam, Sripati Jha, Darjan Karabašević, T. Katican, Bakhtawar Ali Khan, Hina Khan, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, R. Kiran Kumar, Manoranjan Kumar Singh, Ranjan Kumar, M. Lathamaheswari, Yasar Mahmood, Nivetha Martin, Adrian Mărgean, Octavian Melinte, Mingcong Deng, Marcel Migdalovici, Monika Moga, Sana Moin, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Elhoseny, Rehab Mohamed, Mohamed Talea, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Aslam Malik, Muhammad Ihsan, Muhammad Naveed Jafar, Muhammad Rayees Ahmad, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Saqlain, Muhammad Shabir, Mujahid Abbas, Mumtaz Ali, Radu I. Munteanu, Ghulam Murtaza, Munazza Naz, Tahsin Oner, ‪Gabrijela Popović‬‬‬‬‬, Surapati Pramanik, R. Priya, S.P. Priyadharshini, Midha Qayyum, Quang-Thinh Bui, Shazia Rana, Akbara Rezaei, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo, Rıdvan Sahin, Saeeda Mirvakili, Said Broumi, A. A. Salama, Flavius Aurelian Sârbu, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Javid Shabbir, Shio Gai Quek, Son Hoang Le, Florentin Smarandache, Dragiša Stanujkić, S. Sudha, Taha Yasin Ozturk, Zaigham Tahir, The Houw Iong, Ayse Topal, Alptekin Ulutaș, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Rizha Vitania, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Ștefan Vlăduțescu, J. Vimala, Dan Valeriu Voinea, Adem Yolcu, Yongfei Feng, Abd El-Nasser H. Zaied, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas.‬‬. (shrink)

Ranking for multilingual data recuperation is a movement to rank files of different languages solely subject to their essentialness to the inquiry paying little brain to request's language. The main goal of a data retrieval process is to supply the data which is queried by the client. Sometimes the data that is requested by the client will not be available in the client’s understandable language. While there are some times where the client will utilize the data in the language which (...) is not understandable by the client which results in issues to resolve the queries posed by them. The essential objective behind Multilingual Information Retrieval is to find the relevant information available paying little heed to the language used in the request. We presented the web page ranking algorithm with illustrative circumstances by interfacing different pages. The results are dismembered by simulating the page algorithm using built simulating system. (shrink)

In recent years, with the continuous growth of social and economic level, people's living standard has also been constantly improved. Under this background, contemporary people highly respect a good living environment, and the importance of building interior decoration engineering has been fully reflected. As one of the important design contents of interior decoration, the use level and effect of color will directly affect the overall visual effect of interior decoration and the comfort of interior space. Through the rational collocation of (...) colors, the artistic characteristics of interior decoration can be displayed, which can also show the important role of color in interior decoration. In modern interior decoration, the use of colors is gradually enriched, and the use of multiple colors leads to the problem of actual color matching. Image segmentation, which is the premise of image recognition and tracking, divides an image into regions with different characteristics and extracts interesting objects. This technology has been widely used in military affairs, medicine, intelligent transportation, pedestrian detection, product inspection, sports, remote sensing, machine vision and other fields. Therefore, good color matching is very important in the actual interior decoration practice. (shrink)

Nihilism, Nietzsche and the Doppelganger Problem Was Nietzsche a nihilist? Yes, because, like J. L. Mackie, he was an error-theorist about morality, including the elitist morality to which he himself subscribed. But he was variously a diagnostician, an opponent and a survivor of certain other kinds of nihilism. Schacht argues that Nietzsche cannot have been an error theorist, since meta-ethical nihilism is inconsistent with the moral commitment that Nietzsche displayed. Schacht’s exegetical argument parallels the substantive argument (advocated in recent years (...) by Wright and Blackburn) that Mackie’s error theory can’t be true because if it were, we would have to give up morality or give up moralizing. I answer this argument with a little bit of help from Nietzsche. I then pose a problem, the Doppelganger Problem, for the meta-ethical nihilism that I attribute to Mackie and Nietzsche. (If A is a moral proposition then not-A is a moral proposition: hence not all moral propositions can be false.) I solve the problem by reformulating the error theory and also deal with a variant of the problem, the Reinforced Doppelganger, glancing at a famous paper of Ronald Dworkin’s. Thus, whatever its demerits, the error theory, is not self-refuting, nor does it require us to give up morality. (shrink)

My first paper on the Is/Ought issue. The young Arthur Prior endorsed the Autonomy of Ethics, in the form of Hume’s No-Ought-From-Is (NOFI) but the later Prior developed a seemingly devastating counter-argument. I defend Prior's earlier logical thesis (albeit in a modified form) against his later self. However it is important to distinguish between three versions of the Autonomy of Ethics: Ontological, Semantic and Ontological. Ontological Autonomy is the thesis that moral judgments, to be true, must answer to a realm (...) of sui generis non-natural PROPERTIES. Semantic autonomy insists on a realm of sui generis non-natural PREDICATES which do not mean the same as any natural counterparts. Logical Autonomy maintains that moral conclusions cannot be derived from non-moral premises.-moral premises with the aid of logic alone. Logical Autonomy does not entail Semantic Autonomy and Semantic Autonomy does not entail Ontological Autonomy. But, given some plausible assumptions Ontological Autonomy entails Semantic Autonomy and given the conservativeness of logic – the idea that in a valid argument you don’t get out what you haven’t put in – Semantic Autonomy entails Logical Autonomy. So if Logical Autonomy is false – as Prior appears to prove – then Semantic and Ontological Autonomy would appear to be false too! I develop a version of Logical Autonomy (or NOFI) and vindicate it against Prior’s counterexamples, which are also counterexamples to the conservativeness of logic as traditionally conceived. The key concept here is an idea derived in part from Quine - that of INFERENCE-RELATIVE VACUITY. I prove that you cannot derive conclusions in which the moral terms appear non-vacuously from premises from which they are absent. But this is because you cannot derive conclusions in which ANY (non-logical) terms appear non-vacuously from premises from which they are absent Thus NOFI or Logical Autonomy comes out as an instance of the conservativeness of logic. This means that the reverse entailment that I have suggested turns out to be a mistake. The falsehood of Logical Autonomy would not entail either the falsehood Semantic Autonomy or the falsehood of Ontological Autonomy, since Semantic Autonomy only entails Logical Autonomy with the aid of the conservativeness of logic of which Logical Autonomy is simply an instance. Thus NOFI or Logical Autonomy is vindicated, but it turns out to be a less world-shattering thesis than some have supposed. It provides no support for either non-cognitivism or non-naturalism. (shrink)

Abstract: As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies rapidly evolve and permeate various aspects of society, the need for effective regulation and governance has become increasingly critical. This paper explores the current landscape of AI regulation, examining existing frameworks and their efficacy in addressing the unique challenges posed by AI. Key issues such as ensuring compliance, mitigating biases, and maintaining transparency are analyzed. The paper also delves into ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, emphasizing the importance of fairness and accountability. Through case studies (...) of different regulatory approaches and their outcomes, the paper highlights both successes and areas for improvement. Finally, it offers insights into future directions for AI regulation, advocating for innovative policies and enhanced international cooperation to ensure that AI technologies are developed and deployed responsibly. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on creating robust regulatory mechanisms that can keep pace with the rapid advancement of AI. (shrink)

The values-based approach to welfare holds that it is good for one to realize goals, activities, and relationships with which one strongly (and stably) identifies. This approach preserves the subjectivity of welfare while affirming that a life well lived must be active, engaged, and subjectively meaningful. As opposed to more objective theories, it is unified, naturalistic, and ontologically parsimonious. However, it faces objections concerning the possibility of self-sacrifice, disinterested and paradoxical values, and values that are out of sync with physical (...) and emotional needs. This paper revises the values-based approach, emphasizing the important—but limited—role consciously held values play in human agency. The additional components of human agency in turn explain why it is important for one’s values to cohere with one’s fixed drives, hard-wired emotional responses, and nonvolitionally guided cognitive pro- cesses. This affords promising responses to the objections above. (shrink)

This paper attempts to explain the conceptual connections between happiness and well-being. It first distinguishes episodic happiness from happiness in the personal attribute sense. It then evaluates two recent proposals about the connection between happiness and well-being: (1) the idea that episodic happiness and well-being both have the same fundamental determinants, so that a person is well-off to a particular degree in virtue of the fact that they are happy to that degree, and (2) the idea that happiness in the (...) personal attribute sense can serve as a ‘‘proxy’’ for well-being, i.e., that a person’s degree of deep or robust happiness approximates their degree of well-being. It is argued that happiness in both these senses is conceptually, metaphysically, and empirically distinct from well- being. A new analysis of welfare, well-being as agential flourishing, can explain welfare’s real connection to happiness in both the episodic and personal attribute senses. It predicts that such happiness is only directly beneficial when it is valued, when it is a form of valuing, or when it underwrites (i.e., serves as the causal basis for) the disposition to realize one’s values. It is therefore a necessary—but not sufficient—condition for especially high levels of well-being. This analysis of welfare integrates many insights from the eudaimonic tradition of welfare and happiness research in psychology, and also addresses common criticisms of these eudaimonic models. (shrink)

In his celebrated 'Good and Evil' (l956) Professor Geach argues as against the non-naturalists that ‘good’ is attributive and that the predicative 'good', as used by Moore, is senseless.. 'Good' when properly used is attributive. 'There is no such thing as being just good or bad, [that is, no predicative 'good'] there is only being a good or bad so and so'. On the other hand, Geach insists, as against non-cognitivists, that good-judgments are entirely 'descriptive'. By a consideration of what (...) it is to be an A, we can determine what it is to be a good A, even where the ‘A’ in question is ‘human being’. These battles are fought on behalf of naturalism, indeed, of an up-to-date Aristotelianism. Geach plans to 'pass' from the 'purely descriptive' man to good/bad man, and from human act to good/bad human act. I argue: (l) That the predicative 'good' does have a genuine sense and that it is a mistake to suppose that ‘good’ is a purely attributive adjective. This does not entail that the predicative good (as used by Moore) denotes a non-natural property, but his mistake, if any is metaphysical or ontological not conceptual. (2) That the attributive 'good' cannot be used to generate a naturalistic ethic. It is difficult to extract a set of biologically based requirements out of human nature that are a) reasonably specific; b) rationally binding or at least highly persuasive; and c) morally credible. -/- On the way I protest against Geach’s tendency to try to win arguments by affecting not to understand things. -/- My views to some extent anticipate those of Kraut in *Against Absolute Goodness*. (shrink)

Prickly pear fruit processing industries generate a substantial amount of fibrous by-products as waste rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and tannins, and that contain considerable minerals and water-soluble carbohydrates. This study investigated the potential of prickly pear by-product silage as feed in the diet of Valle del Belice ewes and its effects on body weight, milk yield and composition, nutrient utilisation and degradability and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics. A total of 12 ewes (60 d in lactation) were selected (...) and randomly divided into three experimental groups, homogeneous for parity, live weight and milk yield. Each group was fed for 14 d (9 d for diet adaptation + 5 d for sampling), with one of the three experimental diets based on a Latin square design. The diets with the same crude protein and NDF were: 1) control (CTR) diet with hay and concentrate; 2) prickly pear peels (PPP) diet with PPP silage, hay and concentrate; and 3) pulp, peels and seeds (PPS) diet with PPS silage, hay and concentrate. Nutrient intake varied between diets, with total DM intake being greater in the CTR and PPS (p < 0.01) diets than in the PPP diet. Daily milk yield tended to be lower in ewes fed the PPP and PPS diets than in those fed the CTR diet, whereas no differences were found for fat- and protein-corrected milk between diets. Protein and casein (p ≤ 0.05) levels were higher in the milk of ewes fed the PPP diet. Compared with the milk urea concentration of CTR-fed ewes, that of PPP-fed ewes was 15 % lower. The in vivo nutrient degradability, in vitro fermentation rate and volatile FAs were greater (p < 0.01) in the PPP diet than in the PPS diet. These results suggest that PPP silage can be partially incorporated into dairy ewe diets to reduce feeding costs and improve milk nitrogen efficiency. (shrink)

There is widespread consensus that present patterns of consumption could lead to the permanent impossibility of maintaining those patterns and, perhaps, the existence of the human race. While many patterns of consumption qualify as ‘sustainable’ there is one in particular that deserves greater attention: virtual consumption. We argue that virtual consumption — the experience of authentic consumptive experiences replicated by alternative means — has the potential to reduce the deleterious consequences of real consumption by redirecting some consumptive behavior from shifting (...) material states to shifting information states. (shrink)

In intensive swine production, piglets are separated from the sow at weaning, joined with other litters, and abruptly transitioned from milk to dry feeding at an early age (typically 21−28 days). Thus, weaning is the most stressful phase of the pig’s productive life. Consequently, at this stage, piglets often show a decreased growth and increased digestive disturbances. As such, they may benefit the most from the supply of highly digestible or bioactive nutrients and probiotics in order to promote gut health, (...) which will have a determining impact on adequate digestive capacity, performance, and overall health. Microalgae have been considered a sustainable and functional feedstuff of potential use in piglet diets.1,2 Indeed, depending on culture conditions, many microalgae species can present high crude protein contents, such that their biomass may partially replace widely used conventional feedstuffs such as soybean meal.2,3 Other species could also be an interesting source of lipids, particularly of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that have beneficial effects on piglet health and performance.4,5 Microalgae use mainly CO2, nitrogen, and phosphorus and are capable of generating large biomass production with solar radiation as the only energy source, without the direct requirement of arable land. Nevertheless, the effects of microalgae on piglet physiology and the impact on production performance at weaning remain understudied, limiting support for broader industrial applications. Among the microalgae available commercially, C. vulgaris is particularly promising for swine nutrition due to its high protein, antioxidant, and vitamin contents.3 Most studies have addressed C. vulgaris, or other Chlorella species, for aquaculture applications,6,7 and to date, only a few studies have addressed the effect of dietary inclusion of Chlorella sp. on weaning piglet performance. In thisregard, Hintz & Heitman8 used a biomass derived from a semicontrolled cultivation of predominantly Chlorella and Scendesmus; Yap et al.9 explored the use of an unidentified Chlorella sp.; and Yan et al.10 utilized a fermented C. vulgaris product. Recently, Martins et al.11−13 conducted an extensive study with a defined C. vulgaris, in spray-dried powder, autotrophically grown in photobioreactors, and fed to weaning piglets in metabolic cages. Martins et al.13 also highlighted the importance of testing their findings in growth trials with ad libitum feeding and group housing where animal performance better approximates that of commercial conditions. If adequately used by piglets, this microalga may supply high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, or antioxidant compounds and vitamins. (shrink)

Resumo: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a produtividade e indicadores econômicos de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês ou mestiços Dorper x Santa Inês terminados em confinamento com dieta à base de palma forrageira. Foram utilizados 16 cordeiros não castrados, sendo oito da raça Santa Inês e oito mestiços Dorper x Santa Inês (87,5% Dorper + 12,5% Santa Inês). A idade média no início da pesquisa foi de 150 dias ± 7,28 e o peso vivo médio foi de 24,28 kg (...) ± 3,45 no início do experimento. Foi utilizada ração única formulada para ganho de peso médio esperado de 200 g/dia. A palma forrageira utilizada foi Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta HAW) IV e o feno de capim-buffel (Cenchrus ciliares). O período experimental foi de 58 dias, sendo precedido de nove dias para adaptação dos animais às instalações e à ração, totalizando 67 dias. Os dados das variáveis estudadas foram submetidos à análise de variância, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 8 repetições por tratamento, utilizando-se o teste F para comparação dos quadrados médios dos fatores testados. Os cordeiros consumiram quantidades semelhantes de matéria natural e de matéria seca, porém os cordeiros mestiços da raça Dorper registraram maior consumo de água, ganho de peso total e ganho de peso médio diário. Não houve efeito do grupo genético sobre a conversão alimentar e o escore de condição corporal. A margem de lucro bruto foi maior em 59,65% para os cordeiros mestiços em relação aos da raça Santa Inês. Os cordeiros mestiços apresentaram maior produtividade e melhor resultado econômico. A palma forrageira pode ser incluída em alta proporção na composição de dieta destinada à terminação de cordeiros. Palavras-chave: cactácea; cordeiro confinado; desempenho; margem de lucro bruto. Abstract: This study evaluated the productivity and economic indicators of Santa Inês and Dorper ×Santa Inês crossbred lambs finished in confinement on a forage cactus-based diet. Sixteen uncastrated lambs were used: eight purebred Santa Inês and eight Dorper × Santa Inês crossbreds (87.5% Dorper + 12.5% Santa Inês). At the onset of the experiment, lambs averaged 150 ± 7.28 days old and weighed 24.28 ± 3.45 kg. A single ration was formulated for an expected average weight gain of 200 g/day. The forage cactus used was Mexican Elephant Ear (Opuntia stricta HAW), and the hay was buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). The experimental period lasted 58 days, following a 9-day adaptation period, totaling 67 days. Data were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design with eight replicates per treatment, using the F-test to compare mean squares. Lambs consumed similar amounts of fresh and dry matter, but Dorper crossbred lambs had higher water consumption, total weight gain, and average daily weight gain. The genetic group had no effect on feed conversion and body condition score. The gross profit was 59.65% higher for the crossbred lambs compared to the Santa Inês breed. Crossbred lambs showed higher productivity and better economic results. Forage cactus can be included in high proportions in diets for finishing lambs. Key-words: cactaceae; feedlot lamb; performance; gross profit margin. (shrink)

The paper reconstructs Moore's Open Question Argument (OQA) and discusses its rise and fall. There are three basic objections to the OQA: Geach's point, that Moore presupposes that ?good? is a predicative adjective (whereas it is in fact attributive); Lewy's point, that it leads straight to the Paradox of Analysis; and Durrant's point that even if 'good' is not synonymous with any naturalistic predicate, goodness might be synthetically identical with a naturalistic property. As against Geach, I argue that 'good' has (...) both predicative and attributive uses and that in moral contexts it is difficult to give a naturalistic account of the attributive 'good'. To deal with Lewy, I reformulate the OQA. But the bulk of the paper is devoted to Durrant's objection. I argue that the post-Moorean programme of looking for synthetic identities between moral and naturalistic properties is either redundant or impossible. For it can be carried through only if 'good' expresses an empirical concept, in which case it is redundant since naturalism is true. But 'good' does not express an empirical concept (a point proved by the reformulated OQA). Hence synthetic naturalism is impossible. I discuss direct reference as a possible way out for the synthetic naturalist and conclude that it will not work. The OQA may be a bit battered but it works after a fashion. (shrink)

This study addressed the Buy Now, Pay Later: Shopee Online Store Users Experiences on Shopee Pay Later Feature (Spay Later). The research investigated the users’ experiences using the Spay Later feature, specifically user satisfaction, convenience, financial behavior, and challenges faced. While some of the studies explored only the positive and negative impacts of the feature, there are gaps that the other studies have not identified. This study addressed the overall experience of Spay Later users, an area not fully covered in (...) previous studies. It utilized a phenomenological study approach under a qualitative method. The participants of the study were chosen through a judgmental sampling approach, consisting of ten (10) spay later user with five thousand (5,000) pesos credit limit and a gold/platinum level. Furthermore, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. The results indicated that the Spay Later feature is flexible and convenient. In conclusion, the Spay Later feature positively impacted the users’ experiences, it helped the users to access their needs during financial constraints and improve their budgeting skills. This study suggests to the existing and future users to moderately use the feature and apply the decision-making process effectively in every transaction. (shrink)

This study explores the challenges facing Ateneo de Davao University Senior High School learners from rural origins as they experience an urban shift concerning their mental health and academic performance. In addition, interventions to support the adaptation of such learners are recommended. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used, including in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 Grade 11 STEM Pre-Science learners. The rural-to-urban transition presents quite a challenge in the lives of these students as they face culture shock, new learning modalities, environmental (...) discomfort, schedule adjustment, and loneliness in living away from family members. These issues lead to stress and alienation, thus challenging academic and personal adjustment. The study calls for focused interventions, such as intensified AdDU- SHS Wellness and Testing Center support, structured orientation programs, and mental health services. Future research should be conducted to determine this transition's long-term academic and psychological effects. (shrink)

This study compares the budgeting strategies of single-income and dual-income households in selected barangays in Balayan. Using a quantitative comparative research design and purposive sampling, the study surveyed 196 single income and 196 dual-income households, all of which own a home, have two children enrolled in public school (from elementary to senior high school), and earn a monthly salary ranging from Php 10,957 to Php 21,914. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys and analyzed using statistical methods. The findings reveal no (...) significant difference in budgeting strategies between two household types, although educational attainment and monthly income do influence financial management. The study proposes an action plan to improve budgeting practices, focusing on financial literacy, income and expense management, and the establishment of an emergency fund. The study’s implications extend beyond Balayan, Batangas, offering valuable insights for other barangays in Balayan aiming to improve their budgeting strategies. (shrink)

Taking my cue from Michael Smith, I try to extract a decent argument for non-cognitivism from the text of the Treatise. I argue that the premises are false and that the whole thing rests on a petitio principi. I then re-jig the argument so as to support that conclusion that Hume actually believed (namely that an action is virtuous if it would excite the approbation of a suitably qualified spectator). This argument too rests on false premises and a begged question. (...) Thus the Motivation Argument fails BOTH as an argument for noncognitivism AND as an argument for what Hume actually believed, that moral distinctions are not derived from reason and that moral properties are akin to secondary qualities. So far as the Motivation Argument is concerned, both cognitivists and rationalists can rest easy. Themes: 1) Hume’s Slavery of Reason thesis is only defensible if passions are not only desires but sometimes dispositions to acquire desires (DTADs). 2) A desire for our good on the whole, which Humeans need to posit to fend off apparent counterexamples to the Slavery of Reason Thesis, does not sit well with the Humean theory of how novel desires arise (an objection due originally to Reid). 3) Hume is wrong to suppose that ‘abstract or demonstrative reasoning never influences any of our actions, but only as it directs our judgment concerning causes and effects’ as the examples of Russell and Hobbes convincingly demonstrate. This ironic as both Russell and Hobbes subscribed to the Slavery of Reason Thesis. 4) I critique Michael Smith’s critique of motivational externalism. (shrink)

Recognition plays an important role in the employee’s job satisfaction and performance, yet many employees remain unnoticed for their hard work, effort and contributions. This study investigates the consequences of unrecognized efforts on the job satisfaction of Traffic Management Group (TMG) employees in the Municipality of Lemery, Batangas. Through qualitative method and case study approach, a semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected TMG employees to explore their experiences and perceptions about their experiences of lack of recognition at work. The thematic (...) analysis revealed that TMG employees often experience frustration, burnout, and decreased motivation due to a lack of acknowledgment for their efforts. The key issues identified include unpaid overtime, handling emergencies without proper resources, and taking on responsibilities beyond their job scope without recognition. And the findings indicate that insufficient recognition contributes to emotional exhaustion, reduced morale, and decreased job performance. This study underscores the need for a structured employee recognition program to improve job satisfaction and workplace morale. Therefore, an action plan is proposed to enhance recognition practices, emphasizing the importance of appreciation, fair compensation, and improved working conditions. This research provides insights for local government units and organizations aiming to enhance employee engagement through recognition initiatives. (shrink)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the agricultural industry, offering tools to optimize crop yield predictions with high accuracy and efficiency. By leveraging machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), remote sensing, and data analytics, farmers can make informed decisions that enhance productivity and resource use. This paper explores the integration of AI techniques in crop yield prediction, evaluates current methodologies, and proposes a hybrid model combining remote sensing data with real-time sensor inputs to enhance predictive accuracy.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a crucial area within artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language. By enabling machines to process and understand human language, NLP bridges the gap between computers and human communication. The aim of this paper is to explore key concepts and methodologies in NLP, including text analysis, language modeling, and machine learning techniques. We also discuss challenges faced in NLP such as ambiguity, contextual understanding, and the evolution of language. This (...) paper highlights recent advancements, applications in real-world scenarios, and suggests directions for future research. (shrink)

Using cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and Bluetooth connectivity, this paper introduces a state-of-the-art assistive device made especially for blind and visually impaired people. The primary objective of the device is to enhance user mobility, safety and independence in navigating public spaces. Key features include Al-powered real-time navigation, camera-based text recognition and audio feedback, as well as emergency SOS functionality to address critical situations. The Al system processes environmental data through integrated sensors and cameras, providing auditory feedback (...) and voice-assisted navigation to guide users effectively. Bluetooth connectivity enables seamless integration with smartphones and other compatible devices, enhancing accessibility in smart environments. The device’s capacity to instantaneously recognize and vocalize text from signs, labels and papers promises to empower users in daily activities. Security and privacy are prioritized through encrypted data transmission and customized settings. The benefits of this method are compared to those of current technologies based on attributes like ease of use, real-time responsiveness, and user independence. The latest developments in wearable assistive technology are highlighted in a thorough literature review, with an emphasis on user-centered design and useful AI applications for people with visual impairments. The findings suggest that the proposed device could significantly improve the quality of life for blind and visually impaired individuals by offering an intuitive and reliable tool for independent navigation and information access. (shrink)

With the exponential growth of online social networks, now boasting over 4 billion active users, maintaining data integrity and ensuring user security has become increasingly challenging. Social media platforms face numerous security threats, including the creation of fake profiles by malicious users seeking to steal sensitive information, spread misinformation, or engage in fraudulent activities. Due to the anonymity afforded by these platforms, detecting such deceptive accounts manually is both difficult and inefficient. This project focuses on the detection of fake profiles (...) using machine learning and deep learning techniques, trained on platform-specific datasets to improve accuracy. A web-based application has been developed featuring four core modules, each dedicated to a major social media platform experiencing rapid user growth. Each module integrates a trained model to assess and classify user profiles as real or fake. Currently, the system has been implemented for Instagram, with plans to expand to other platforms. This approach aims to provide a scalable and intelligent solution to enhance user trust and safety across social media environments. (shrink)

Cloud computing has emerged as a transformative force across various domains, notably accelerating the progress of machine learning (ML). This research explores how cloud platforms such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) are catalyzing the next wave of machine learning innovation. By offering scalable infrastructure, high-performance computing, managed ML services, and integrated toolsets, cloud platforms democratize access to ML capabilities and lower the barrier to entry for businesses and researchers alike. The paper investigates the (...) synergy between cloud architecture and machine learning workflows, highlighting the benefits of elasticity, cost-effectiveness, and collaborative development environments. A detailed literature survey reveals how organizations are leveraging these platforms to develop models faster, deploy them seamlessly, and iterate based on real-time feedback. The research methodology includes a qualitative analysis of existing cloud ML services, supplemented by case studies and secondary data sources. Key findings indicate that cloud ML adoption results in reduced time-to-market, improved model performance, and better alignment with business goals. The workflow model outlines the integration of data pipelines, model training, evaluation, and deployment in a cloud setting. The study also discusses the advantages such as scalability and ease of integration, alongside disadvantages like data privacy concerns and dependency on providers. The conclusion synthesizes insights and emphasizes the growing indispensability of cloud platforms in ML development. Finally, future work is suggested in areas such as edge-cloud synergy, green AI, and federated learning, aiming to enhance sustainability, privacy, and performance. (shrink)

The quick adoption of EVs is important in minimizing the production of greenhouse gas emissions, yet the green contribution of EV batteries—from production to disposal— aggravates people. The piece examines the life cycle of EV batteries, examining their carbon contribution from raw material mining to environmentally friendly disposal. Lithium, cobalt, and nickel are needed in EV batteries, mined on a large scale that leads to deforestation, land degradation, and water resource contamination. Mining has social problems as well, such as exploitation (...) of labor and geopolitical conflicts. Battery manufacturing is energy-intensive, usually grid-based, employing fossil fuel, with associated emissions. EVs have lower life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than ICE vehicles, provided clean electricity powers them. Life cycle analysis studies indicate that they pay back upfront emissions in the long term, though efficiency and battery life are needed to achieve best dividends. Recycling and waste disposal are significant issues. Few lithium-ion batteries are recycled because of economic and technological limitations. Combustion and landfilling are hazardous with chemical leakage and fire hazards. Second-life use and advanced recycling are green technologies that can reduce damage. New recycling technologies such as direct recycling and hydrometallurgical recycling enable efficient recovery of precious metals. Recycling existing batteries for energy storage prolongs their lifespan and enables renewables. There is an emerging circular economy for EV batteries with regulations such as extended producer responsibility and battery passports encouraging ethical sourcing and recycling. Future batteries like solid-state and sodium-ion provide promising alternatives with improved recyclability. A comprehensive approach—innovation, regulation, and consumer restraint—is needed to make sustainable mobility with minimal environmental footprint a reality. (shrink)

We aimed at evaluating the best unsaturated fatty acid candidate (vegetable oil) for blending (dry matter-DM basis) with cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) to improve feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, growth, and carcass traits in sheep. Forty uncastrated male Santa Ines × Dorper crossbred sheep (n = 8/treatment) weighting 24.44 ± 1.5 kg were used. Animals were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design and received one of the following treatments: a control group consisting of a blend of phenolic lipids (CNSL (...) at 0.5%) and canola oil (a monounsaturated fatty acid source, MUFA, at 1.5%), and four treatment groups with CNSL (0.5%) combined with 1.5% of a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vegetable oil (corn, soybean, sunflower, or cottonseed oil), as DM basis. Feeding sheep with CNSL + canola oil resulted in higher SFA, UFA, and MUFA and lower PUFA’s (P < 0.05) intakes. The TDN intake was lower for the CNSL + corn oil diet than the other oils (P < 0.0001). The DM and NDF digestibility were higher for CNSL + cottonseed oil (PUFA) or canola oil (MUFA) diets than other oils (P < 0.05). The CNSL + soybean oil blend promoted a lower urinary N excretion (P = 0.047) in sheep. Growth and carcass traits were not affected by the oil’s composition in the blends. The level of saturation was confirmed as such a determining factor in the DM and NDF digestibility since the oil containing the highest concentration of MUFA (canola oil) showed better digestibility compared to other PUFA-rich oils; however, without effect on the performance and feed efficiency of the sheep. (shrink)

This paper is a critique of coercive theories of meaning, that is, theories (or criteria) of meaning designed to do down ones opponents by representing their views as meaningless or unintelligible. Many philosophers from Hobbes through Berkeley and Hume to the pragmatists, the logical positivists and (above all) Wittgenstein have devised such theories and criteria in order to discredit their opponents. I argue 1) that such theories and criteria are morally obnoxious, a) because they smack of the totalitarian linguistic tactics (...) of the Party in Orwell’s 1984 and b) because they dehumanize the opposition by portraying them as mere spouters of gibberish; 2) that they are profoundly illiberal since if true, they would undermine Mill’s arguments for free speech; 3) that such theories are prone to self-contradiction, pragmatic and otherwise; 4) that they often turn against their creators including what they were meant to exclude and excluding what they were meant to include; 5) that such theories are susceptible to a modus tollens pioneered by Richard Price in his Review Concerning the Principle Questions of Morals(1758); and 6) that such theories are prima facie false since they fail to ‘predict’ the data that is it their business to explain (or, in the case of criteria, fail to capture the concept that they allegedly represent). The butcher’s bill is quite considerable: some of Hobbes, a fair bit of Locke, half of Berkeley, large chunks of Hume, Russell's Theory of Types, verificationism in its positivist and Dummettian variants, much of pragmatism and most of Wittgenstein - all these have to be sacrificed if we are to save our souls as philosophic liberals. (shrink)

Edge computing, combined with machine learning (ML), is emerging as a transformative paradigm for handling the data deluge generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Traditional cloud computing is often inadequate for the low-latency, high-throughput demands of IoT applications, especially in real-time analytics. By processing data locally at the edge of the network, edge computing reduces latency, enhances privacy, and alleviates the bandwidth burden on centralized cloud servers. The integration of ML algorithms into edge devices further augments the decision-making (...) process by enabling real-time data analytics, improving operational efficiency, and delivering immediate insights. This paper explores the synergy between edge computing, ML, and IoT, discussing how real-time data analytics at the edge can transform industries such as smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation. We also present challenges, future directions, and practical applications of machine learning-based real-time analytics for edge computing in IoT ecosystems. (shrink)

Natural Language Processing (NLP), a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI), has emerged as a powerful tool in analyzing human language to detect underlying mental health issues such as depression and suicidal tendencies. By leveraging techniques in machine learning and deep learning, NLP systems can process and interpret textual data from diverse sources like social media, forums, and online journals to identify patterns and linguistic markers associated with mental health conditions. These markers include the use of emotionally charged words, changes in (...) writing style, expressions of hopelessness, isolation, or distress, which are critical indicators of a person's psychological state. The process typically involves data preprocessing, feature extraction using models such as TF-IDF or word embeddings (e.g., Word2Vec, GloVe), and classification using supervised learning techniques or deep learning models like BERT or LSTM. The application of NLP for mental health detection is particularly impactful in healthcare and public safety. It enables early identification and intervention for at-risk individuals by providing clinicians and support organizations with actionable insights from large volumes of textual content. On social media platforms, it facilitates automated monitoring to detect crisis situations and initiate timely support. Additionally, in educational institutions and workplaces, such systems can promote mental well-being by identifying signs of distress and enabling appropriate counseling or outreach efforts. However, this field faces notable challenges, including data privacy concerns, ethical considerations, the risk of false positives or misdiagnosis, and ensuring the cultural and linguistic diversity of datasets to avoid bias. Ongoing research aims to improve model accuracy and interpretability while integrating multimodal data for more robust detection. The goal is to develop responsible and sensitive AI systems that assist in understanding and supporting mental health, ultimately contributing to a safer, more empathetic digital environment. (shrink)

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the quality of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle in young suckling rams of the Kamieniec breed administered a probiotic preparation. Beginning at 11 days of age, lambs in the experimental group received an aqueous solution of the tested probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum - 2 serotypes, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus raminosus) per os for 30 days. The dose of the probiotic was adjusted for lamb age: 11–20 days - 1 g, 21–30 (...) days - 2 g, 31–40 days - 3 g. The viable count per g of the probiotic was 109 CFU. At the end of the experiment, lambs of the control (C, n = 6) and experimental (E, n = 6) groups were slaughtered, and samples of their LTL muscles were subjected to analyses. In group E, the LTL muscle had a lower (P ≤ 0.05) pH value, and a lower (P ≤ 0.05) contribution of yellowness (b*) to the color. A sensory analysis of lamb meat in group E revealed its lower (P ≤ 0.05) juiciness, and a tendency (P > 0.05) towards higher desirability of aroma and taste, lower intensity of these attributes, and higher tenderness. In group E, intra - muscular fat (IMF) was characterized by higher (P ≤ 0.05) proportions of fatty acid C18:1 cis9 and total MUFAs, a higher (P ≤ 0.05) MUFA/SFA ratio, and higher (P ≤ 0.05) nutritional value. In group C, IMF had higher (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of fatty acids C18:3 and C20:1. The results of this study indicate that 30-day supplementation with the tested probiotic improves meat quality in very young lambs of the Kamieniec breed. (shrink)

The increasing demand for portable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient computing solutions has led to the development of compact mini computers. In this paper, we’ve designed and built a compact mini computer using the BusyBirds chip. The system includes a built-in power bank for better portability, an HDMI port for connecting to high-definition displays, and Bluetooth 5.0 for reliable wireless communication. It’s developed as a simple, affordable computing option for students, developers, and professionals who need a small, efficient system for different tasks. (...) The BusyBirds Chip is used as the main processing unit, offering better performance while keeping power usage low. One of the standout features of this mini computer is that, unlike regular desktops or laptops that rely on being plugged in all the time, this one can run on battery power. That makes it a handy option for working in places where there’s no easy access to electricity. The in-built power bank helps keep the system running smoothly without interruptions, which makes it especially useful for learning activities and IoT projects. Modern systems need strong connectivity options, and this setup includes both HDMI and Bluetooth 5.0 to improve usability. The HDMI output lets you connect to highquality displays, while Bluetooth 5.0 makes it simple to pair devices like a mouse, keyboard, or speakers. After testing its performance, results showed that the mini computer works as expected offering a good mix of portability, efficiency, and low cost. (shrink)

Disability is the kingdom of a person in which one has to rely upon others for their own wishes. Visual impairment is one of the disabilities of a individual. To date severa strategies were proposed to decorate the life fashion of visually impaired and blind people. Still shopping merchandise inside the e-purchasing utility without others aid is difficult one for them. The paper describes a gadget that gives the guidance for them to pick out and purchase their products in the (...) supermarket software. The challenge targets to enhance the shopping revel in for visually impaired individuals via leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This machine is designed to offer a continuing, accessible buying enjoy through a combination of AI-powered capabilities, including voice commands, and actual-time assistance. Using advanced laptop imaginative and prescient algorithms, the machine can perceive and describe merchandise in element, whilst herbal language processing (NLP) allows intuitive voice interactions. Additionally, AI- driven navigation aids help customers in locating items inside e-trade and facilitate interactions with staff or digital kiosks. Through the integration of various technologies, the Smart Shopping Facilitator seeks to improve the overall quality of life for visually impaired people and provide a more inclusive retail environment by giving them more independence and ease when they go shopping. (shrink)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da terminação de cordeiros confinados usando resíduo úmido de cervejaria como fonte de volumoso ofertado em diferentes frequências de alimentação sobre as características da carcaça e não componentes da carcaça. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros machos não castrados, oriundos de um cruzamento alternado entre as raças Texel e Ile de France. Os animais apresentaram ao início do confinamento idade média de 72,7±6 dias e peso médio de 25,44±4,1 kg. Os tratamentos eram constituídos (...) de três diferentes frequências de alimentação, sendo: uma vez ao dia (08:00 horas), duas vezes ao dia (08:00 e 18:00 horas) e três vezes ao dia (08:00, 13:00 e 18:00 horas). A relação volumoso:concentrado usada foi de 46,9:53,1 com base na matéria seca. Os cordeiros foram abatidos quando atingiram o peso vivo de fazenda, de 38 kg. Houve diferença estatística (P<0,05) para as variáveis peso e rendimento de costelas, peso e proporção de Rins e peso de Rum+Ret. As demais variáveis não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Em função dos resultados podemos recomendar uma única oferta diária como manejo alimentar para cordeiros terminados em confinamento recebendo resíduo úmido de cervejaria como fonte de volumoso. Palavras-chave: Cordeiro, Carcaça, Resíduo de Cervejaria, Confinamento. -/- ABSTRACT The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of finishing confined lambs using wet brewery residue as a source of roughage offered at different feeding frequencies on the characteristics of the carcass and non-carcass components. 30 uncastrated male lambs were used, coming from an alternating cross between the Texel and Ile de France breeds. At the beginning of confinement, the animals had an average age of 72.7±6 days and an average weight of 25.44±4.1 kg. The treatments consisted of three different feeding frequencies: once a day (08:00), twice a day (08:00 and 18:00) and three times a day (08:00, 13:00). 00 and 18:00 hours). The roughage:concentrate ratio used was 46.9:53.1 based on dry matter. Lambs were slaughtered when they reached farm live weight of 38 kg. There was a statistical difference (P<0.05) for the variables weight and yield of ribs, weight and proportion of Kidneys and weight of Rum+Ret. The other variables did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. Based on the results, we can recommend a single daily supply as a dietary management for lambs finished in confinement receiving wet brewery residue as a source of roughage. Keywords: Lambs, Carcass, Brewery Residue, Confinement. RESUMEN El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del acabado de corderos confinados utilizando residuos húmedos de cervecería como fuente de forraje ofrecido en diferentes frecuencias de alimentación sobre las características de los componentes de la carcasa y no carcasa. Se utilizaron 30 corderos machos sin castrar, procedentes de un cruce alterno entre las razas Texel e Ile de France. Al inicio del confinamiento, los animales tenían una edad promedio de 72,7±6 días y un peso promedio de 25,44±4,1 kg. Los tratamientos consistieron en tres frecuencias de alimentación diferentes: una vez al día (08:00), dos veces al día (08:00 y 18:00) y tres veces al día (08:00, 13:00 y 18:00). horas). La relación forraje:concentrado utilizada fue 46,9:53,1 basada en materia seca. Los corderos fueron sacrificados cuando alcanzaron un peso vivo en granja de 38 kg. Hubo diferencia estadística (P<0,05) para las variables peso y rendimiento de costillas, peso y proporción de Riñones y peso de Ron+Ret. Las demás variables no difirieron (P>0.05) entre tratamientos. Con base en los resultados, podemos recomendar un suministro único diario como manejo dietético para corderos terminados en confinamiento que reciben residuos húmedos de cervecería como fuente de forraje. Palabras clave: Cordero, Carcasa, Residuos de Cervecería, Confinamiento. (shrink)

Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines are pivotal in modern DevOps, but test automation remains a bottleneck due to scalability and reliability challenges. This paper explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhances CI/CD by optimizing test selection, execution, and reporting. By integrating machine learning (ML), reinforcement learning (RL), and natural language processing (NLP), AI-driven testing reduces execution time by up to 60%, improves defect prediction accuracy by 45%, and enables self-healing test scripts. Case studies from enterprise deployments demonstrate tangible efficiency gains, while (...) addressing challenges like data bias and computational overhead. The study concludes with future trends, including autonomous testing frameworks and adaptive ML models. (shrink)

Generative models have revolutionized the landscape of artificial intelligence by shifting the focus from predictive tasks to creative and constructive capabilities. From the early use of probabilistic models to the modern architectures of deep neural networks, the evolution of generative models has been marked by increasing sophistication in capturing data distributions and generating novel content. This paper explores the trajectory of generative modeling—from rudimentary statistical techniques to complex structures such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), and Transformer-based large (...) language models. By analyzing both the theoretical foundations and practical implementations of these models, we investigate how machines have moved closer to simulating human-like imagination through artificial means. The study utilizes a combination of technical analysis and experimental evaluation to examine the performance of various generative models in tasks related to text, image, and multimodal content creation. We also discuss the philosophical and societal implications of synthetic media, including authorship, originality, and ethical responsibility. A core aim is to understand how data-driven systems have progressed from simply learning representations to autonomously generating meaningful, contextually aware content. Through a detailed methodology involving benchmark datasets, model fine-tuning, and qualitative and quantitative evaluation, we identify key capabilities and limitations of current generative systems.Our findings suggest that while significant progress has been made, generative models still rely heavily on input conditioning, training diversity, and optimization constraints. Despite these limitations, they represent a pivotal advancement in the quest for computational creativity. This paper contributes to the growing discourse on artificial imagination, offering insight into how generative models not only imitate but also expand the creative boundaries of machine learning. As we continue to develop these systems, the line between data processing and autonomous creativity becomes increasingly blurred, raising important questions about the future of AI in human-centric domains. (shrink)

A nested mode ontology allows one to make sense of apparently contradictory Christological claims such as that Christ knows everything and there are some things Christ does not know.

Hume is widely regarded as the grandfather of emotivism and indeed of non-cognitivism in general. For the chief argument for emotivism - the Argument from Motivation - is derived from him. In my opinion Hume was not an emotivist or proto-emotivist but a moral realist in the modern ‘response-dependent’ style. But my interest in this paper is not the historical Hume but the Hume of legend since the legendary Hume is one of the most influential philosophers of the present age. (...) According to Michael Smith ‘the Moral Problem’ – the central issue in meta-ethics - is that the premises of Hume’s argument appear to be true though the non-cognitivist conclusion appears to be false. Since the argument seems to be valid, something has got to give. Smith struggles to solve the problem by holding on to something like the premises of the argument whilst trying to fend off the conclusion. In my view this is a wasted effort. Hume was not arguing for non-cognitivsm in the first place, and the arguments for non-cognitivism that can be extracted from his writings are no good. Either the premises are false or the inferences are invalid. And this is despite the fact that Hume was substantially right about reason and the passions. Thus ‘the Moral Problem’ is not a problem, and the legendary Hume does not deserve his influence. -/- An important theme in this paper is the concept of a DTAD or a dispositions to acquire desires. These play an important role in motivation but unlike desires (with which they are sometimes confused ) they are NOT propositional attitudes. (shrink)

This paper deals with what I take to be one woman’s literary response to a philosophical problem. The woman is Jane Austen, the problem is the rationality of Hume’s ‘sensible knave’, and Austen’s response is to deepen the problem. Despite his enthusiasm for virtue, Hume reluctantly concedes in the EPM that injustice can be a rational strategy for ‘sensible knaves’, intelligent but selfish agents who feel no aversion towards thoughts of villainy or baseness. Austen agrees, but adds that ABSENT CONSIDERATIONS (...) OF A FUTURE STATE, other vices besides injustice can be rationally indulged with tolerable prospects of worldly happiness. Austen’s creation Mr Elliot in Persuasion is just such an agent – sensible and knavish but not technically ‘unjust’. Despite and partly because of his vices – ingratitude, avarice and duplicity – he manages to be both successful and reasonably happy. There are plenty of other reasonably happy knaves in Jane Austen, some of whom are not particularly sensible. This is not to say that either Austen or Hume is in favor of knavery It is just that they both think that only those with the right sensibility can be argued out of it. (shrink)

The rapid evolution of electrical machinery, especially in the fields of electric vehicles, industrial automation, and energy systems, demands precise, efficient, and scalable manufacturing processes for electric motors. One of the critical steps in motor assembly is the staking of the core and yoke — a process that ensures mechanical rigidity, structural alignment, and optimal magnetic performance. Traditionally, this process has been carried out manually or semi-automatically, which often results in inconsistencies, lower throughput, and increased labor dependency. To address these (...) challenges, this project presents the design and development of an Automatic Core Yoke Staking Machine, an advanced solution aimed at automating this crucial step in electric motor manufacturing. The proposed machine is engineered to precisely align and stake the laminated stator core within the motor yoke using programmable logic control (PLC) and servo-based actuation systems. It features a robust mechanical framework integrated with a rotary indexing table, automated clamping units, and a high-force pneumatic or hydraulic staking system. The staking operation is performed at predefined locations along the yoke periphery, ensuring uniform force distribution and secure core retention. The automation not only reduces cycle time and manual intervention but also enhances consistency, repeatability, and product quality. This machine is equipped with a user-friendly human-machine interface (HMI) for real-time control and monitoring, as well as safety interlocks to protect operators during operation. Sensors and feedback systems are implemented for position accuracy, pressure control, and error detection, enabling predictive maintenance and reducing downtime. The modular design allows flexibility for accommodating different core sizes and yoke configurations, making it suitable for a wide range of motor assembly lines. The development of the Automatic Core Yoke Staking Machine contributes significantly to the modernization of motor production by improving assembly precision, increasing production efficiency, and reducing labor costs. It aligns with the current industrial trends of Industry 4.0, promoting smarter and more autonomous manufacturing solutions. This project combines principles of mechanical engineering, automation, and control systems to deliver a high-performance solution tailored to the future of electric motor manufacturing. (shrink)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects children's ability to communicate, socialize, and engage in learning activities. This project presents the development of a user-friendly web application designed to support children with autism through interactive and educational features tailored to their needs. The application incorporates visual aids, gamified learning modules, speech and text-based communication tools, and progress tracking features. It is developed using modern web technologies to ensure accessibility across devices and ease of use for both children and caregivers. By integrating psychological (...) and pedagogical insights, the application provides personalized learning paths. These paths adjust based on user interaction and progress, helping reinforce positive behavior and learning outcomes. Tools for emotion recognition and routine scheduling are also embedded to support emotional development and daily structure. Parents, educators, and therapists can monitor the child’s activities and performance through a dedicated dashboard, enabling informed decisions and personalized interventions. The system emphasizes security, privacy, and adaptability, ensuring a safe digital environment. The development followed a user-centered approach, involving feedback from parents and specialists during design and testing phases. The outcome is a holistic support system that addresses both educational and emotional needs. The project not only aids autistic children in learning but also empowers their support systems, paving the way for inclusive digital education. Future improvements include AI integration for adaptive learning and expanded multilingual support.. (shrink)

The retail industry is undergoing a transformation with the rise of smart stores powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and automation. These technologies are shaping the future of omnichannel retail by blending physical stores with digital experiences. Smart stores use AI to enhance customer engagement, streamline operations, and personalize shopping experiences across channels. This paper explores the role of AI and automation in the development of smart stores, focusing on their impact on customer experience, operational efficiency, and business growth. The integration (...) of AI technologies such as computer vision, robotics, machine learning, and data analytics is enabling retailers to create seamless shopping experiences that bridge the gap between online and in-store environments. By examining case studies of leading retailers, the paper analyzes how AI and automation are enhancing inventory management, customer service, and marketing personalization. Additionally, the challenges and ethical considerations of implementing AI in omnichannel retail are discussed. The paper concludes with insights into the future of smart stores and the potential for further innovation in retail operations, offering recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage AI and automation for sustainable growth. (shrink)

In order to solve the increasing amount of Object detection is a core part in computer vision, with applications spreading throughout the process of constructing a smart city, city managers always invest much energy and capital in cleaning street trash because of the random emergence of street trash, As deep network solutions become increasingly deep and convoluted, they tend to be constrained by the quantity of training data. Keeping this in view, to drive developments in analysing and interpreting images, Open (...) CV or Google AI has made the Open Images dataset public. Open Images is an extension of the tradition initiated by PASCAL VOC, Image Net and COCO, but now in an unprecedented scale. In this project we to execute the Hence, visual street cleanliness evaluation is especially significant. Yet, current assessment methods have some evident shortcomings, i.e., collecting street garbage data is not automated and street cleanliness data is not real-time best performing algorithm for automatically detecting objects. Lastly, the results are integrated into the street cleanliness calculation model to finally visualize street cleanliness levels, which brings convenience to city managers in organizing clean-up staff effectively. (shrink)

There is an important sense in which one can be sure without being certain, i.e., without assigning unit probability. I will offer an explication of this sense of sureness, connecting it with the level of credence that a rational agent would need to have to be confident that she won’t ever lose her confidence. A simple formal result then gives us an explicit formula connecting the threshold α for credence needed for confidence with the threshold needed for being sure: one (...) needs 1−(1−α) to be sure. I then suggest that stepping between α and 1−(1−α) gives a procedure that generates an interesting hierarchy of credential thresholds. (shrink)

The advent of cloud computing has revolutionized the way organizations manage and deploy their IT infrastructure. Cloud services offer flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency, but they also consume a substantial amount of energy and contribute to environmental concerns. This abstract provides an overview of the research conducted on energy-efficient resource utilization in the cloud, focusing on strategies to reduce energy consumption while maintaining optimal performance and resource utilization. The primary objective of this research is to address the growing concern of the (...) environmental impact of cloud computing by proposing and evaluating various energy-efficient techniques and strategies. These strategies encompass multiple layers of the cloud infrastructure, including data centers, virtualization technologies, workload management, and resource allocation. In data centers, we explore techniques for optimizing cooling systems, power distribution, and server hardware, all aimed at reducing energy consumption. Virtualization technologies are a key component in cloud computing, and we investigate methods for efficient virtual machine placement, consolidation, and migration to make better use of the available resources and minimize energy consumption. Workload management strategies involve the dynamic allocation of resources to workloads based on demand. We propose intelligent resource allocation policies that consider factors such as workload characteristics, energy profiles of hardware components, and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. These policies help in achieving an optimal trade-off between performance and energy consumption. (shrink)

Pornography‘ refers to sexually explicit media that are primarily intended to sexually arouse the audience‘. Pornography representation of sexual behavior in books, pictures, statues, motion pictures, and other media that is intended to cause sexual excitement. Pornography can be the main source of a young person's sex education. Pornography In many historical societies, frank depictions of sexual behavior, often in a religious context, were common. In the 19th century, the inventions of photography and later motion pictures were quickly put to (...) use in the production of pornography. 21st century there were some four million Web sites devoted to pornography, containing more than a quarter of a billion pages—in other words, more than 10 percent of the Web. Pornography may impact on young people‘s adoption of certain sexual behaviours. It is possible that viewing non-mainstream sexual practices can give legitimacy to them, and encourage participation in sexually adventurous behaviors (e.g. heterosexual anal sex). Correlations between adolescent viewing of sexual media and sexual behavior are moderated by parental involvement, including such factors as discussions of television content, communication patterns, and home environments. Pornography as distress (for younger children): Premature or inadvertent exposure to sexually explicit content may be distressing for younger children. First, research on children‘s consumption of sexual content in mainstream media documents that its effects are moderated by such variables as age, gender, sexual experience, physical maturation, and parental involvement. (shrink)