The English Synopsis is after the text of the book. The book presents an original and generalizing substantive vision of the philosophy of science through the prism of a detailed analysis of the polysystem structure of scientific theories. Theories are considered, firstly, as complex specialized forms of developed scientific thinking about the realities studied by natural science, secondly, as constantly improving tools for producing new knowledge in interaction with experimental research, and thirdly, as carriers of ordered and verified knowledge. Emphasis (...) is placed on their nominal and ontic subsystems. The book develops personal and joint research of the authors (theoretical physicist and philosopher), the experience of teaching philosophy of physics at NaUKMA, philosophy of science at the Higher School of Philosophy at the H. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and theoretical physics at the National Technical University "Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". The research is based on a significant source base covering works of modern Western researchers in natural science and philosophy of science. For students, teachers, and scientists who are interested in the problems of modern philosophy of science and have a certain amount of scientific knowledge. It will also be useful for high school students who are eager to become scientists. (shrink)

The article is an attempt to give an analysis of civil society in terms of socio-philosophical discourse as paradigms, theories, concepts and constructs of the phenomenon. The substantiation of the concept of civil society in terms of disclosure mechanisms samorazvorachivaniya grazhdanskogo society in the context of synergetic methodology. The notion of civil society in terms of socio-philosophical discourse as paradigms, theories, concept, construct that facilitates the penetration depth of the analyzed phenomena and promote the realization of their inherent essence. The (...) practical significance of the work is to develop a little researched and timely topic that attempts to present a new understanding of man within this discourse. (shrink)

The basic approaches of the determination of political protest’s content were considered. Destabilizing processes have occurred due to the fact that the protest movements in the geopolitical space have blossomed during the last decade. So that it’s an important research task to find the nature of the complex nature of political protests, keep track of all factors of their origin and dynamics. Detailed and depth assessment of this phenomenon is the key to success in developing of methods for effective management (...) and minimizing of their destructive effects. It’s the relevance of the research theme. The author had a purpose to summarize the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of political protest and revealed its specifics. As a result, the category of “political protest” was clarified. It is understood as a complex of active or passive political practices of individual or collective subjects in the form of conventional or nonconventional expression of discontent towards political system as a whole, its individual structures, institutions, norms, values, decisions. Characteristics of political protests were summarized and analyzed. On this basis, the multidimensionality of this phenomenon was substantiated. So that political protest may exist in the internal state of a political subject’s rejection of some political relations that dominate in the political system. It can be reviewed through the protest mood. The second dimension is a form of dissent, resistance, rejection of the dominant political course. It is provided through a certain action or protest act, manifested in the direct participation of the protests. Political protest is a phenomenon of policy, political attribute that represents opposing forces, movements, trends, which go against the basic course of political life or another specific policy. Objective legitimacy of mass protest behavior depending on the nature and direction of the political process remain unresolved and the basic elements and features of political protest are in the ratio with the current political situation in Ukraine. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the transformations of the political ideology of Francoism in modern Spain. The author divides the historical evolution of “Francoism after Franco” into two stages: neo-Francoism and post-Francoism. NeoFrancoism is formed during the times of democratic transit, post-Francoism arises as a result of political innovations implemented by the two social-democratic Governments of J.L. Rodriguez Zapatero and P. Sanchez and is associated with a negative attitude to “historical memory” and “democratic memory”, respectively. Analyzing the internal structure of (...) neo-Francoism, the author decomposes it into three types in accordance with a more general typology of conservatism by A.A. Galkin and P.Yu. Rakhshmir: the right wing, centrist neo-Francoism and the left wing. The internal structure of post-Francoism is still being formed, therefore it is revealed in less defined concepts although on the basis of the same classical triad: the right flank, the center and the left flank. Comparing the “Francoisms”, the author shows that Francoism under Franco was a closed ideology and had as its main goal the destruction of opponents ; neo-Francoism was a semi-open ideology and preferred to discuss with opponents. In this context, the fundamental difference between post-Francoism and other Francoisms is its open nature and publicly articulated invitation for all kinds of opponents from across the political and ideological spectrum to mutually beneficial cooperation for the progressive development of the country, thanks to which not only neo-Francoists, but also anti-Francoists appear in the logic of its nascent discourse today, which allows the author to add the prefix “post” to it. (shrink)

Приріст населення за рахунок міграції, географічна відокремленість, наявність корінних народів несуть свій відбиток на формування спільних рис у політичних системах США та Канади. Проте є чимало інших факторів, які сприяли еволюції цих держав у ті структури, якими ми їх знаємо сьогодні. Незважаючи на економічну могутність, політичну вагу, місце на геополітичній, геоекономічній та геокультурній мапах світу, США та Канада не є ізольованими утвореннями та перебувають під дією процесів демократизації, модернізації та глобалізації. Американська війна за незалежність вкупі з набором ціннісних орієнтирів іммігрантів (...) до США та Канади, справили визначальний вплив на формування та трансформацію існуючих політичних систем цих держав, їх політичної культури, ставлення до багатокультурності, міграції та расової дискримінації. (shrink)

This is a translation of the afterword of Legality and Legitimacy, rewritten by Carl Schmitt in 1958 for his collection Verfassungsrechtliche Aufsätze aus den Jahren 1924–1954. In the afterword, Schmitt once again describes the situation in Germany in the early 1930’s, and argues against the influential German lawyers who rejected his interpretation of the Weimar Constitution. He rejects the wide-spread opinion that he wanted a state of emergency in Germany to be introduced, and insists that this book was his final (...) attempt to rescue the presidential republic of Weimar Germany. Schmitt then demonstrates the weakness of legal positivism and specifically stops at the several key points in his argument. First, according to Schmitt, the positivists did not know that legality, an unopposed form of the manifestation of legitimacy, had originally been an essential part of Western rationalism. Second, it is necessary to distinguish between the law and the sanctions because of their different legal statuses. This distinguishing is important because the legislative state was gradually becoming the administrative state. As a result, the governing institutions are more powerful than the parliamentary laws. Any parliamentary decision providing executive bodies relevant authority cannot be executed without an effective parliamentary majority. Thirdly, Schmitt explores the question of the so-called “premiums” for the legal possession of power. The afterword concludes with a brief overview of the situation at the end of the January 1933. The Publication includes the translator’s preface providing an overview of the main provisions of Schmitt's book, Legality and Legitimacy. (shrink)

The text discusses philosophy of education from Gadamer's and Heidegger's point of view. Education undeceives people and humanity in accordance with their essence and nature in openness of progress. Education conceals the human being from and Ьу means of the truth in nature. lt is exhiblted the connection with the worldwiews of Platon, Rousseau, Nietzsche, and Dewey.

In the article the philosophical orientations of the Orthodox on the postSoviet space are comprehended. This required giving a detailed description of the broad intellectual context in which the dialogue of Orthodoxy and philosophy was formed. Sociologists who study “mass” Orthodoxy pay little attention to the circle of reading and the role of philosophy in the life of Orthodox neophytes. The question of the degree of influence of philosophy on the Orthodox remains open. Interaction with philosophy today is the desire (...) to modernize and adapt Orthodoxy in the new environment and clarify certain issues of Orthodox theology. On the question of the essence of modernization in the twentieth century, disputes arose, for the conduct of which the participants needed to clarify theological themes, and appeal to modern philosophy, including for clarifying the belief for themselves, intellectual and emotional assimilation of faith. We can state the presence of rival ideas about the place of Orthodoxy in the modern world, which took shape in clear directions: liberal, conservative, unorthodox. This differentiation of views arises in a crisis situation, a crisis of church culture. In addition, the cultural stratification of society affected the transition to an open society. To strengthen the Orthodox consciousness in the post-Soviet space, the philosophical ideas of the religious and philosophical renaissance of the early twentieth century are actualized. (shrink)

У статті подається короткий огляд прагматичного емпіризму Джеймса, емпіризму Дьюї, неопрагматистських ідей Рорті, огляд метамоделей Крейга щодо теорії комунікації. На основі даного огляду авторка обґрунтовує необхідність радикалізації прагматизму та аналізує його вплив на комунікаційні дослідження. Досліджується теорія комунікації Роберта Крейга, яку він розглядає як практичну дисципліну. Доводиться, що всі теорії комунікації є взаєморелевантними, якщо їх адресують у практичний життєвий світ, в якому «комунікація» вже є багатозначним терміном. Кожна традиція теорії комунікації походить з риторичних посилань на певні загальноприйняті уявлення про комунікації, (...) оскаржуючи інші переконання. Взаємодоповнення та напруженість традицій породжують теоретичний метадискурс, який перетинається з існуючим практичним метадискурсом у суспільстві та потенційно інформує про нього. За попередньою схемою комунікативного поля риторична, семіотична, феноменологічна, кібернетична, соціально-психологічна, соціокультурна і критична традиції теорії комунікації вирізняються властивими способами визначення комунікації та проблем спілкування, метадискурсивними словниками та метадискурсивними загальними поняттями. Запропоновано порівняльну аргументацію між традиціями, розглянуто результати для теоретичної роботи та дисциплінарної практики в цій галузі. (shrink)

In this research, author analyzes and interprets data of sociological researches of the Razumkov Centre concerning the religious self-identification of Ukrainian citizens, their attitude towards the Church in general and towards the denominations and religions presented in Ukraine in the dynamics from the year 2000 to nowadays. The author also considers external and internal outlook trends and shows a dangerous contradiction between them. As an alternative to solve this conflict, the author suggests the idea of Open Orthodoxy and presents an (...) example of its implementation in projects of the Open Orthodox University of Saint Sophia the Wisdom. (shrink)

It is necessary to reconsider P. M. S. Hacker’s assessment of Kant and Wittgenstein’s philosophical affinities and the question concerning Wittgenstein’s alleged use of “transcendental arguments”. First, Alfred Norman’s reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus as a thought experiment receives revision to develop a view of the Critique of Pure Reason as a large-scale thought experiment that shares important logical features with the Tractatus. Then the question is addressed whether the middle Wittgenstein and the pre-critical Kant employed any thought experiments that (...) could be equally characterised as “transcendental arguments”. A rational reconstruction of both thinkers’ arguments is carried out in the light of the contemporary literature on thought experimenting. The novelty and relevance of this approach is the emphasis laid upon a largely neglected affinity between Kant and Wittgenstein, namely the systematic use of thought experiments in their epistemological pursuits. The conclusions are: i) Wittgenstein’s and Kant’s magna opera can be seen as philosophical thought experiments that attempt to try out the limits of language and the limits of possible experience respectively; ii) Both philosophers developed arguments that can be designated as transcendental if only from a methodological standpoint; and iii) some key arguments put forward by the middle Wittgenstein in the determination of the structure of visual space could be characterised better as thought experiments than transcendental arguments. (shrink)

This article examines some of S. Lem’s statements about his philosophical and worldview positions regarding the mysterious nature of language and the linguistic sign, the connection between language, mind and reality. The main goal of the paper is to understand what texts on the philosophy of language the Polish thinker read and what attitude he has formed towards them. Lem is the follower of an analytical intellectual culture that focuses on the naturalistic worldview and the consequences of the “linguistic turn” (...) in Western philosophy. For Lem, language is not only an interesting philosophical object, but also a complex precise instrument of his own creative thinking. In this regard, the philosophy of language for a writer cannot be based only on logical-linguistic atomistic methodology. Lem seeks in his contemporary interdisciplinary methods ways to combine realistic and anti-realist positions. Many concepts, such as “the effect of semantic transparency”, “polymorphic language model”, “variation model” are quite correlated with modern theories of language and require additional philosophical comments. (shrink)