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Can unequal be more fair? Ethics, subject allocation, and randomised clinical trials

Journal of Medical Ethics 24 (6):401-408 (1998)

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Ethical Issues in Psychosocial Interventions Research Involving Controls.Lawrence Schneiderman, Barton W. Palmer, Eric Granholm, Dilip V. Jeste & Elyn R. Saks - 2002 - Ethics and Behavior 12 (1):87-101.details Psychiatric research is of critical importance in improving the care of persons with mental illness. Yet it may also raise difficult ethical issues. This article explores those issues in the context of a particular kind of research: psychosocial intervention research with control groups. We discuss 4 broad categories of ethical issues: consent, confidentiality, boundary violations, and risk-benefit issues. We believe that, despite the potential difficulties, psychosocial intervention research is vital and can be accomplished in an ethical manner. Further discussion and (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 1 citation
The use of vignettes within a Delphi exercise: a useful approach in empirical ethics?P. Wainwright, A. Gallagher, H. Tompsett & C. Atkins - 2010 - Journal of Medical Ethics 36 (11):656-660.details There has been an increase in recent years in the use of empirical methods in healthcare ethics. Appeals to empirical data cannot answer moral questions, but insights into the knowledge, attitudes, experience, preferences and practice of interested parties can play an important part in the development of healthcare ethics. In particular, while we may establish a general ethical principle to provide explanatory and normative guidance for healthcare professionals, the interpretation and application of such general principles to actual practice still requires (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 2 citations
Can unequal be more fair? A response to Andrew Avins.S. J. L. Edwards - 2000 - Journal of Medical Ethics 26 (3):179-182.details In this paper, we respond to Andrew Avins's recent review of methods whose use he advocates in clinical trials, to make them more ethical. He recommends in particular, “unbalanced randomisation”. However, we argue that, before such a recommendation can be made, it is important to establish why unequal randomisation might offer ethical advantages over equal randomisation, other things being equal. It is important to make a pragmatic distinction between trials of treatments that are already routinely available and trials of restricted (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 2 citations
‘Sham Surgery’ Control Groups: Ethics and Context.Teresa Swift - 2011 - Research Ethics 7 (4):148-155.details The use of placebo controls in surgical research, or ‘sham surgery’ as it sometimes described, raises a number of ethical issues. Despite such issues, sham surgery is presently being employed, albeit very rarely, in surgical research. In this paper, the ethical implications of such control groups are discussed in the context of research into various conditions, including Parkinson's Disease and arthritis. Conflicting ethical considerations include: i) patients' best interests in relation to the harms and risks involved; ii) the need for (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 1 citation
Methodological quality and reporting of ethical requirements in clinical trials.M. Ruiz-Canela - 2001 - Journal of Medical Ethics 27 (3):172-176.details Objectives—To assess the relationship between the approval of trials by a research ethics committee and the fact that informed consent from participants was obtained, with the quality of study design and methods.Design—Systematic review using a standardised checklist.Main measures—Methodological and ethical issues of all trials published between 1993 and 1995 in the New England Journal of Medicine, the Lancet, the Journal of the American Medical Association and the British Medical Journal were studied. In addition, clinical trials conducted in Spain and published (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 6 citations

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