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Galileo’s quanti: understanding infinitesimal magnitudes

Tiziana Bascelli

Archive for History of Exact Sciences 68 (2):121-136 (2014)

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Internality, transfer, and infinitesimal modeling of infinite processes†.Emanuele Bottazzi & Mikhail G. Katz - forthcoming - Philosophia Mathematica.details ABSTRACTA probability model is underdetermined when there is no rational reason to assign a particular infinitesimal value as the probability of single events. Pruss claims that hyperreal probabilities are underdetermined. The claim is based upon external hyperreal-valued measures. We show that internal hyperfinite measures are not underdetermined. The importance of internality stems from the fact that Robinson’s transfer principle only applies to internal entities. We also evaluate the claim that transferless ordered fields may have advantages over hyperreals in probabilistic modeling. (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 3 citations
Fermat’s Dilemma: Why Did He Keep Mum on Infinitesimals? And the European Theological Context.Jacques Bair, Mikhail G. Katz & David Sherry - 2018 - Foundations of Science 23 (3):559-595.details The first half of the 17th century was a time of intellectual ferment when wars of natural philosophy were echoes of religious wars, as we illustrate by a case study of an apparently innocuous mathematical technique called adequality pioneered by the honorable judge Pierre de Fermat, its relation to indivisibles, as well as to other hocus-pocus. André Weil noted that simple applications of adequality involving polynomials can be treated purely algebraically but more general problems like the cycloid curve cannot be (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 1 citation
Toward a History of Mathematics Focused on Procedures.Piotr Błaszczyk, Vladimir Kanovei, Karin U. Katz, Mikhail G. Katz, Semen S. Kutateladze & David Sherry - 2017 - Foundations of Science 22 (4):763-783.details Abraham Robinson’s framework for modern infinitesimals was developed half a century ago. It enables a re-evaluation of the procedures of the pioneers of mathematical analysis. Their procedures have been often viewed through the lens of the success of the Weierstrassian foundations. We propose a view without passing through the lens, by means of proxies for such procedures in the modern theory of infinitesimals. The real accomplishments of calculus and analysis had been based primarily on the elaboration of novel techniques for (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 5 citations
Toward a Clarity of the Extreme Value Theorem.Karin U. Katz, Mikhail G. Katz & Taras Kudryk - 2014 - Logica Universalis 8 (2):193-214.details We apply a framework developed by C. S. Peirce to analyze the concept of clarity, so as to examine a pair of rival mathematical approaches to a typical result in analysis. Namely, we compare an intuitionist and an infinitesimal approaches to the extreme value theorem. We argue that a given pre-mathematical phenomenon may have several aspects that are not necessarily captured by a single formalisation, pointing to a complementarity rather than a rivalry of the approaches. Download Export citation Bookmark 2 citations

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