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  1. Social play behaviour. Cooperation, fairness, trust, and the evolution of morality.Marc Bekoff - 2001 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 8 (2):81-90.
    Here I briefly discuss some comparative data on social play behaviour in hope of broadening the array of species in which researchers attempt to study animal morality. I am specifically concerned with the notion of ‘behaving fairly'. In the term ‘behaving fairly’ I use as a working guide the notion that animals often have social expectations when they engage in various sorts of social encounters the violation of which constitutes being treated unfairly because of a lapse in social etiquette. I (...)
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  • Functional aspects of play as revealed by structural components and social interaction patterns.Marc Bekoff - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):156-157.
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  • Comparison matters: Curiosity, bears, surplus energy, and why reptiles do not play.Gordon M. Burghardt - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):159-160.
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  • Does being human matter? On some interpretive problems of comparative ludology.Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):160-160.
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  • Some missed opportunities in theories of play.David F. Lancy - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):165-166.
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  • Play—immediate or long-term adaptiveness?Frank E. Poirier - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):167-168.
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  • Intentionality, social play, and definition.Colin Allen & Marc Bekoff - 1994 - Biology and Philosophy 9 (1):63-74.
    Social play is naturally characterized in intentional terms. An evolutionary account of social play could help scientists to understand the evolution of cognition and intentionality. Alexander Rosenberg (1990) has argued that if play is characterized intentionally or functionally, it is not a behavioral phenotype suitable for evolutionary explanation. If he is right, his arguments would threaten many projects in cognitive ethology. We argue that Rosenberg's arguments are unsound and that intentionally and functionally characterized phenotypes are a proper domain for ethological (...)
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  • In praise of animals.Rhys Borchert & Aliya R. Dewey - 2023 - Biology and Philosophy 38 (4):1-26.
    Reasons-responsive accounts of praiseworthiness say, roughly, that an agent is praiseworthy for an action just in case the reasons that explain why they acted are also the reasons that explain why the action is right. In this paper, we argue that reasons-responsive accounts imply that some actions of non-human animals are praiseworthy. Trying to exclude non-human animals, we argue, risks neglecting cases of inadvertent virtue in human action and undermining the anti-intellectualist commitments that are typically associated with reasons-responsive accounts. Of (...)
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  • Does play matter? Functional and evolutionary aspects of animal and human play.Peter K. Smith - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):139-155.
    In this paper I suggest that play is a distinctive behavioural category whose adaptive significance calls for explanation. Play primarily affords juveniles practice toward the exercise of later skills. Its benefits exceed its costs when sufficient practice would otherwise be unlikely or unsafe, as is particularly true with physical skills and socially competitive ones. Manipulative play with objects is a byproduct of increased intelligence, specifically selected for only in a few advanced primates, notably the chimpanzee.The adaptiveness of play in pongid (...)
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  • Units of behavior.Berent Enç - 1995 - Philosophy of Science 62 (4):523-542.
    1. Introduction. One major concern in cognitive psychology is explaining cognitively motivated behavior. However, attempts to specify the nature of the behavior that psychology is to explain have proved to be somewhat controversial. The aim of this paper is to conduct a preliminary investigation into the kinds of behavior psychology is concerned with.
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  • Animal play and the evolution of morality: An ethological approach.Colin Allen & Marc Bekoff - 2005 - Topoi 24 (2):125-135.
    In this paper we argue that there is much to learn about “wild justice” and the evolutionary origins of morality – behaving fairly – by studying social play behavior in group-living mammals. Because of its relatively wide distribution among the mammals, ethological investigation of play, informed by interdisciplinary cooperation, can provide a comparative perspective on the evolution of ethical behavior that is broader than is provided by the usual focus on primate sociality. Careful analysis of social play reveals rules of (...)
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  • On mechanisms of cultural evolution, and the evolution of language and the common law.Michael T. Ghiselin - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):11-11.
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  • Social cognition: Exchanging and sharing information on the run. [REVIEW]Marc Bekoff - 1999 - Erkenntnis 51 (1):617-632.
    In this essay I consider various aspects of the rapidly growing field of cognitive ethology, concentrating mainly on evolutionary and comparative discussion of the notion of intentionality. I am not concerned with consciousness, per se, for a concentration on consciousness deflects attention from other, and in many cases more interesting, problems in the study of animal cognition. I consider how, when, where, and (attempt to discuss) why individuals from different taxa exchange social information concerning their beliefs, desires, and goals. My (...)
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  • Hypotheses about play.Irwin S. Bernstein - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):158-159.
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  • Skill and flexibility in animal play behavior.Robert Fagen - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):162-162.
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  • The essentials of play?Brian Vandenberg - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):171-172.
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  • Wild justice and fair play: Cooperation, forgiveness, and morality in animals. [REVIEW]Marc Bekoff - 2004 - Biology and Philosophy 19 (4):489-520.
    In this paper I argue that we can learn much about wild justice and the evolutionary origins of social morality – behaving fairly – by studying social play behavior in group-living animals, and that interdisciplinary cooperation will help immensely. In our efforts to learn more about the evolution of morality we need to broaden our comparative research to include animals other than non-human primates. If one is a good Darwinian, it is premature to claim that only humans can be empathic (...)
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  • Play stimulated by environmental complexity alters the brain and improves learning abilities in rodents, primates, and possibly humans.P. A. Ferchmin & A. Eterović - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):164-164.
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  • Why does play matter?Stephen J. Suomi - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):169-170.
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  • Reflective Ethology, Applied Philosophy, and the Moral Status of Animals.Marc Bekoff & Dale Jamieson - manuscript
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  • Functions of play: First steps toward evolutionary explanation.C. M. Berman - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):157-158.
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  • Skill and intelligence: The functions of play.Greta G. Fein - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):163-164.
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  • The nature-nurture error again.John D. Baldwin - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):155-156.
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  • Play as whimsy.Michael Lewis - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):166-166.
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  • Epigenesis and culture.Robert Fagen - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):10-10.
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  • Play: Structure and function.Michael Fassino - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):162-163.
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  • Explaining the evolutionary significance of intellectual play: Are we barking up the wrong tree?Paul E. McGhee - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):166-167.
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  • On the evolution of play by means of artificial selection.Michael T. Ghiselin - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):165-165.
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  • The flexibility and affective autonomy of play.Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):160-162.
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  • The facts about fantasy.Dennis P. Wolf - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):172-172.
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  • The epistemology of the play theorist.Brian Sutton-Smith - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):170-171.
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  • The current state of play.Peter K. Smith - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):172-184.
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  • Play as a mode.Helen B. Schwartzman - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):168-169.
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