Largely ignored in Germany during the nineteenth century, Bolzano was certainly better known in Austria, in particular among Brentano’s students, who enthusiastically studied his Theory of science. In this respect it makes sense to speak of Bolzano as belonging to a tradition of Austrian philosophy. Yet an examination of the reception of Bolzano’s ideas among Brentano’s students indicates that he was not always well understood. This article discusses a particular case, Twardowski’s reaction to Bolzano’s theory of representation.