European Journal of Philosophy, Volume 29, Issue 4, Page 795-810, December 2021.

The aim of this paper is to shed light on Nietzsche’s late investigation of the Western human being, with particular reference to Twilight of the Idols. I shall argue that this investigation can be seen as a “pragmatic anthropology,” according to the meaning that Kant gave to this notion in 1798. Although the paper focuses on Nietzsche’s thought, an analysis of Kant’s anthropology and the comparison between and Nietzsche’s late views of the human being, will show both their differences and (...) similarities on the topic. (shrink)

In this paper I offer an interpretation of Kant’s theory of perceptual error based on his remarks in the Anthropology. Both hallucination and illusion, I argue, are for Kant species of experience and therefore require the standard co-operation of sensibility and understanding. I develop my account in a conceptualist framework according to which the two canonical classes of non-veridical experience involve error in the basic sense that how they represent the world as being is not how the world is. In (...) hallucination this is due to the misapplication of categories and in illusion to the misapplication of empirical concepts. Yet there is also room in this framework for a distinction in terms of cognitive functionality between the level of experience, which is merely judgementally structured, and that of judgement proper, which involves the free action of a conscious agent. This distinction enables Kant to allow for the otherwise problematic phenomenon of self-aware non-veridicality. (shrink)

En la Antropología, en la sección referida a las facultades cognoscitivas superiores, se presenta la sagacidad como el don de la indagación. Con eso se indica que tiene un lugar en la investigación científica. En nuestro trabajo examinamos la función que se puede atribuir a la sagacidad en el método de investigación. La presencia de la sagacidad en un investigador es contingente, pero se la puede considerar como una condición que determina el alcance del método y sus límites. También determina (...) algunas características de los resultados de una investigación. Por eso, sugerimos que la sagacidad es una condición accesoria del método. La inteligencia personal del científico resulta así un elemento decisivo en la investigación, tanto en el planteo de los fines de ésta, como en el progreso del trabajo, y especialmente en las fases de diseño, de invención y de descubrimiento. (shrink)

In seiner Geschichtsphilosophie, insbesondere der „Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht" (1784) erforscht Kant die Geschichte nicht in der bunten Fülle der Geschehnisse. Diese Aufgabe überlässt er der „eigentlichen bloß empirisch abgefassten Historie". Er betrachtet die Geschichte vielmehr, insoweit sie für den Menschen als praktisches Vernunftwesen von Interesse ist. Dabei wahrt er den Zusammenhang mit der transzendentalen Vernunftkritik und fragt, unter welchen erfahrungsunabhängigen Bedingungen der Gang der Geschichte als vernünftig, als sinnvoll erscheint. So wirft Kant jene Sinnfrage auf, (...) die von den empirischen Geschichtswissenschaften weder gestellt noch beantwortet wird. Für die 2. Auflage anlässlich des 300. Jubiläums Immanuel Kants wurden die einzelnen Beiträge komplett überarbeitet und auf den neuesten Forschungsstand gebracht. Mit Beiträgen von: Karl Ameriks, Reinhard Brandt, Volker Gerhardt, Otfried Höffe, Christoph Horn, Patrick Kain, Pauline Kleingeld, Jane Kneller, Dieter Langewiesche, Jean-Michel Muglioni, Alessandro Pinzani und Wolfgang M. Schröder. (shrink)

Kant’s critical theory on moral feeling can be divided into two stages: early and late. In the early stage, Kant was committed to accepting and transforming the traditional concept of moral feeling, while in the later stage he turned to developing his own unique theory on the topic. His beliefs about moral feeling changed between these two stages, both regarding the basic meaning of moral feeling and the function of moral feeling in moral philosophy. This paper argues that these shifts (...) help clarify the framework of Kant’s moral philosophy and introduce a new dimension to Kant’s definition of feelings and the relationship between sensibility and intellectuality. Namely, sensibility is not only determined by intellectuality but also has its unique initiative. Through acting on the body, intellectuality generates intellectual feelings, which in turn assist humans in realizing their intellectual purpose as a limited rational being. (shrink)

The kantian idea according to which only people can claim respect and only for them can moral rights exist, yet, at the same time, not all human beings are people in this strict prescriptive sense, contains considerable potential of exclusion. From this view, the present article reconstructs the architecture of Kant’s moral philosophy and investigates thescope and the limits of the different proposals of solution based on his theory.

Il saggio intende mettere a fuoco il concetto di empirismo kantiano intendendolo come mediazione di finito e infinito. Si analizzano, pertanto, le affinità di Kant con la fenomenologia analitica di Lambert e le giovanili critiche hegeliane alla filosofia kantiana per poi occuparsi dell’illusione e della menzogna. Esse vengono interpretare come due figure differenziate dell’empirismo kantiano: con la prima si mettono al centro gli studi antropologici e il tema dell’integrazione sociale; con la seconda si affronta il problema della disgregazione sociale, la (...) sua condanna morale e in ultimo, ma non da ultimo, la capacità di mettere in relazione il mondo sensibile con il principio intelligibile della libertà, tramite la nozione di origine lockiana del “biasimo”. (shrink)