Une première partie montre que, dans la Théogonie d’Hésiode, le terme de « mère»s’applique surtout à des déesses dont la relation à l’enfant est dramatisée au-delà de la seule référence généalogique. Une deuxième partie analyse les raisons de l’attribution du titre de « mère » à la déesse Athéna à Élis, par comparaison avec la situation d’Athènes. Une brève conclusion revient sur le fantasme d’une « Déesse-mère » générique en contexte grec.

The parasol, whatever the conditions of use, ultimately functions as a social symbol as it satisfies no utilitarian need. The operative mechanism of that symbol varies from culture to culture but the parasol is polysemous even at its least complicated, when held by the person to be protected without allusion to foreign social systems and in the context of single-sex usage. For example, as an implement of fashionable feminine attire of over a century ago, the parasol signified the maintenance of (...) a standard of beauty that precluded extended activities out of doors and the delicate constitution of the lady thus protected, both with further implications of ‘good breeding’ and economic inutility; and the wasteful employment of items that must be changed with the costume and discarded before unserviceable to suit the dictates of fashion. Both facets—termed ‘conspicuous leisure’ and ‘conspicuous consumption’ by Veblen—conjointly served to advertise the wealth of the individual man on the basis of whose property such extravagance and non-productive practice could be sustained. (shrink)