This paper examines the metaphor of harmony as a criterion of hermeneutic understanding. Taking harmony as a play of integrated parts within a dynamic whole, we can see the hermeneutic task of interpretation as a process of harmonizing parts meaningfully with each other and with the larger whole. Holding up a sufficiently rich notion of harmony as an ideal of interpretation can guide our hermeneutic practices. After distinguishing subtle differences in the Greek and Chinese conceptions of harmony, I argue that (...) the Chinese conception more closely aligns with the metaphysical and epistemological assumptions of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s approach to hermeneutic understanding. In the end, I suggest that these insights can lead us to progress in social harmony. (shrink)