Switch to: References

Add citations

You must login to add citations.
  1. The Reactions on Hugo de Vries's "Intracellular Pangenesis"; The Discussion with August Weismann.Ida H. Stamhuis - 2003 - Journal of the History of Biology 36 (1):119-152.
    In 1889 Hugo de Vries published " Intracellular Pangenesis " in which he formulated his ideas on heredity. The high expectations of the impression these ideas would make did not come true and publication was negated or reviewed critically. From the reactions of his Dutch colleagues and the discussion with the famous German zoologist August Weismann we conclude that the assertion that each cell contains all hereditary material was controversial and even more the claim that characters are inherited independently of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  • August Weismann on Germ-Plasm Variation.Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther - 2001 - Journal of the History of Biology 34 (3):517-555.
    August Weismann is famous for having argued against the inheritance of acquired characters. However, an analysis of his work indicates that Weismann always held that changes in external conditions, acting during development, were the necessary causes of variation in the hereditary material. For much of his career he held that acquired germ-plasm variation was inherited. An irony, which is in tension with much of the standard twentieth-century history of biology, thus exists – Weismann was not a Weismannian. I distinguish three (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   30 citations  
  • Making the case for orthogenesis: The popularization of definitely directed evolution.Mark A. Ulett - 2014 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 45 (1):124-132.
    Throughout the history of evolutionary theory a number of scientists have argued that evolution proceeds along a limited number of definite trajectories, a concept and group of theories known as “orthogenesis”. Beginning in the 1880s, influential evolutionists including Theodor Eimer, Edward Drinker Cope, and Leo Berg argued that a fully causal explanation of evolution must take into account the origin and nature of variation, an idea that implied orthogenesis in their views. This paper argues that these orthogenesis developed theories that (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • Raphael Meldola and the Nineteenth-Century Neo-Darwinians.Anthony S. Travis - 2010 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 41 (1):143 - 172.
    Raphael Meldola (1849-1915), an industrial chemist and keen naturalist, under the influence of Darwin, brought new German studies on evolution by natural selection that appeared in the 1870s to the attention of the British scientific community. Meldola's special interest was in mimicry among butterflies; through this he became a prominent neo-Darwinian. His wide-ranging achievements in science led to appointments as president of important professional scientific societies, and of a local club of like-minded amateurs, particularly field naturalists. This is an account (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Human progress by human effort: neo-Darwinism, social heredity, and the professionalization of the American social sciences, 1889–1925.Emilie J. Raymer - 2018 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 40 (4):63.
    Prior to August Weismann’s 1889 germ-plasm theory, social reformers believed that humans could inherit the effects of a salubrious environment and, by passing environmentally-induced modifications to their offspring, achieve continuous progress. Weismann’s theory disrupted this logic and caused many to fear that they had little control over human development. As numerous historians have observed, this contributed to the birth of the eugenics movement. However, through an examination of the work of social scientists Lester Frank Ward, Richard T. Ely, Amos Griswold (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Individuals at the Center of Biology: Rudolf Leuckart’s Polymorphismus der Individuen and the Ongoing Narrative of Parts and Wholes. With an Annotated Translation. [REVIEW]Lynn K. Nyhart & Scott Lidgard - 2011 - Journal of the History of Biology 44 (3):373 - 443.
    Rudolf Leuckart's 1851 pamphlet Ueber den Polymorphismus der Individuen (On the polymorphism of individuals) stood at the heart of naturalists' discussions on biological individuals, parts and wholes in mid-nineteenth-century Britain and Europe. Our analysis, which accompanies the first translation of this pamphlet into English, situates Leuckart's contribution to these discussions in two ways. First, we present it as part of a complex conceptual knot involving not only individuality and the understanding of compound organisms, but also the alternation of generations, the (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • Individuals at the Center of Biology: Rudolf Leuckart’s Polymorphismus der Individuen and the Ongoing Narrative of Parts and Wholes. With an Annotated Translation.Lynn K. Nyhart & Scott Lidgard - 2011 - Journal of the History of Biology 44 (3):373-443.
    Rudolf Leuckart’s 1851 pamphlet Ueber den Polymorphismus der Individuen stood at the heart of naturalists’ discussions on biological individuals, parts and wholes in mid-nineteenth-century Britain and Europe. Our analysis, which accompanies the first translation of this pamphlet into English, situates Leuckart’s contribution to these discussions in two ways. First, we present it as part of a complex conceptual knot involving not only individuality and the understanding of compound organisms, but also the alternation of generations, the division of labor in nature, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  • Weismann and evolution.Ernst Mayr - 1985 - Journal of the History of Biology 18 (3):295-329.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  • Why Do Stem Cells Create Such Public Controversy?Jane Maienschein - 2011 - Spontaneous Generations 5 (1):27-35.
    Biological development is about history, the history of an individual through time. Historically, the dominant epigenetic tradition has seen the developmental process as an unfolding of potential or in terms of the emergence of new organization that becomes an individual organism over time. The concept of development has included differentiation, growth, and morphogenesis; since the mid-nineteenth century, it has been seen in terms of cell division. Along the way have come explorations of such issues as the extent to which development (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Sex, Death, and Evolution in Proto- and Metazoa, 1876–1913.A. J. Lustig - 2000 - Journal of the History of Biology 33 (2):221 - 246.
    In the period 1875-1920, a debate about the generality and applicability of evolutionary theory to all organisms was motivated by work on unicellular ciliates like Paramecium because of their peculiar nuclear dualism and life cycles. The French cytologist Emile Maupas and the German zoologist August Weismann argued in the 1880s about the evolutionary origins and functions of sex (which in the ciliates is not linked to reproduction), and death (which appeared to be the inevitable fate of lineages denied sexual conjugation), (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Overheated Rats, Race, and the Double Gland: Paul Kammerer, Endocrinology and the Problem of Somatic Induction. [REVIEW]Cheryl A. Logan - 2007 - Journal of the History of Biology 40 (4):683 - 725.
    In 1920, Eugen Steinach and Paul Kammerer reported experiments showing that exposure to high temperatures altered the structure of the gonad and produced hyper-sexuality in "heat rats," presumably as a result of the increased production of sex hormones. Using Steinach's evidence that the gonad is a double gland with distinct sexual and generative functions, they used their findings to explain "racial" differences in the sexuality of indigenous tropical peoples and Europeans. The authors also reported that heat induced anatomical changes in (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • Weismann Versus Morgan Revisited: Clashing Interpretations on Animal Regeneration. [REVIEW]Maurizio Esposito - 2013 - Journal of the History of Biology 46 (3):511-541.
    This paper has three principal aims: first, through a detailed analysis of the hypotheses and assumptions underlying Weismann’s and Morgan’s disagreement on the nature of animal regeneration, it seeks to readdress the imbalance in coverage of their discussion, providing, at the same time, a fascinating case-study for those interested in general issues related to controversies in science. Second, contrary to Morgan’s beliefs according to which Weismann employed a speculative and unempirical method of scientific investigation, the article shows that Weismann performed (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Of germ-plasm and zymoplasm: August Weismann, Carlo Emery and the debate about the transmission of acquired characteristics.Ariane Dröscher - 2015 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 36 (3):394-403.
    In this essay I discuss the contents and the context of Italian zoologist and entomologist Carlo Emery’s discussion of the germ-plasm theory. August Weismann considered him one of his very few creditable supporters, and encouraged him to publish his theoretical reflections. In his Gedanken zur Descendenz- und Vererbungstheorie, which appeared between 1893 and 1903 as a series of five essays in the journal Biologisches Zentralblatt, Emery developed a very personal account, applying the concept of determinants to problems like atavism, sexual (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • On Recognising the Paradox of Sex.Joachim Dagg - 2016 - Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology 8 (20160629).
    Discussions of the implications of sexual reproduction have appeared throughout the history of evolutionary biology, from Darwin to Weismann, Fisher, Muller, Maynard Smith, and Williams. The latest of these appearances highlighted an evolutionary paradox that had previously been overlooked. In many animal and plant species reproduction is obligately sexual and also half the offspring are male, yet the males contribute nothing but genes to reproduction. If asexual mutants of such a species were to produce as many asexual offspring on average (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Between Social and Biological Heredity: Cope and Baldwin on Evolution, Inheritance, and Mind.David Ceccarelli - 2019 - Journal of the History of Biology 52 (1):161-194.
    In the years of the post-Darwinian debate, many American naturalists invoked the name of Lamarck to signal their belief in a purposive and anti-Darwinian view of evolution. Yet Weismann’s theory of germ-plasm continuity undermined the shared tenet of the neo-Lamarckian theories as well as the idea of the interchangeability between biological and social heredity. Edward Drinker Cope, the leader of the so-called “American School,” defended his neo-Lamarckian philosophy against every attempt to redefine the relationship between behavior, development, and heredity beyond (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • El empleo de retórica en la controversia entre Weismann y Spencer acerca de la selección natural y el efecto de uso y desuso.Roberto de Andrade Martins - 2008 - In Roberto de Andrade Martins, Cibelle Celestino Silva, Juliana Mesquita Hidalgo Ferreira & Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira Martins (eds.), Filosofia E História da Ciência no Cone Sul. Seleção de Trabalhos do 5o Encontro. Associação de Filosofia e História da Ciência do Cone Sul, AFHIC. pp. 533-539.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Filosofia e História da Biologia.Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes, Ricardo Pereira, Ismar de Souza Carvalho, Débora de Almeida Azevedo, Fernando Dias de Avila-Pires, Gerda Maísa Jensen, Maria Elice Brzezinski Prestes, Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira Martins, Lourdes Della Justina & Ana Maria de Andrade Caldeira - 2010 - Filosofia 5 (1).
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark