Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents. This entry covers: (1) the challenge of environmental ethics to the anthropocentrism (i.e., humancenteredness) embedded in traditional western ethical thinking; (2) the early development of the discipline in the 1960s and 1970s; (3) the connection of deep ecology, feminist environmental ethics, and social ecology to politics; (4) the attempt to apply (...) traditional ethical theories, including consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics, to support contemporary environmental concerns; and (5) the focus of environmental literature on wilderness, and possible future developments of the discipline. (shrink)

Este artigo faz uma breve análise do modo como sete diferentes correntes ambientalistas, ligadas às mais variadas tendências políticas, articulam seus principais fundamentos, para elaborar a coerência de seus discursos. As sete correntes analisadas, representativas dos traços que podem assumir os diversos ambientalismos na atualidade, são: o ambientalismo de livre-mercado de Terry L. Anderson e Donald R. Leal , o ambientalismo de mercado-verde de Paul Hawken, o ambientalismo liberal de Avner de-Shalit, o ambientalismo radical de Christopher Manes, o bio-regionalismo de (...) Gary Snyder, a ecologia socialista de James O’Connor e a ecologia social de John Clark.This article analyzes briefly the way in which seven environmental currents, linked to different political trends, articulate their main principles in order to construct a coherence discours. These currents are representative of the characteristics that environmentalism can assume at present. They are: Terry L. Anderson’s and Donald R. Leal’s free-market environmentalism, Paul Hawken’s green-market environmentalism, Avner de-Shalit’s liberal environmentalism, Christopher Manes radical environmentalism, Gary Snyder’s bio-regionalism, James O’Connor’s socialist ecology and John Clark’s social ecology. (shrink)