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  1. A Contextualist Reconsideration of the “Happy Fish” Passage in the Zhuangzi and Its Implications for Relativism.Alex T. Hitchens - 2023 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 22 (4):577-603.
    The “happy fish” passage in the Zhuangzi 莊子 is often interpreted as endorsing some form of perspectivism which precludes objective claims of knowledge and displaces the significance of human perspectives. Relativism has gained particular currency in contemporary readings. However, this essay aims to show the limited explanatory power of such relativist positions, with focus on Chad Hansen’s “perspectival relativism” and Lea Cantor’s “species relativism.” I will also offer a new, “transitional contextualist” reading, which intends to demonstrate that Zhuangzi’s utterance is (...)
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  • Saved by a giant gourd: Political reality and philosophical deactivation of the counsellor in the Zhuangzi.Albert Galvany - forthcoming - Asian Philosophy:1-15.
    Placed in the first chapter of the Zhuangzi, the dialogue between Huizi and Zhuangzi about a giant gourd is a celebrated anecdote that, both for its structure and for the ideas it seems to mobilize, has aroused the interest of readers and, consequently, has also generated a wide variety of interpretations. While some scholars argue that the message is part of a framework of epistemological discussion, others point to perspectivism as the hermeneutical key to the passage, while others refer to (...)
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  • ‘Angry fish’ and ‘dying fish’ matter in the Zhuangzi Too: Political analogies in the ‘happy fish’ dialogue.Ting-Mien Lee 李庭綿 - 2024 - Asian Philosophy 34 (4):1-12.
    The ‘happy fish’ dialogue is one of the best-known and heatedly debated passages of the Zhuangzi. Scholars have constructed different interpretations of the dialogue. Some argue that this dialogue expresses the idea of living at ease and enjoying life as it is; some refer to the idea of anti-anthropocentrism, while others reconstruct the dialogue as certain epistemological debates. This paper examines the connotations of ‘fish’, ‘water’, and ‘river’ in early Chinese political discourses and reads the political connotations in the dialogue (...)
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