I propose a few epistemological and methodological reflexions to account for intercultural daily communication. These reflexions emerged during a sociological research in Mendoza, Argentina, with Huarpes Indigenous students at the University of Cuyo. I observed that Indigenous people became quasi ethnographers of diverse environments. To make intelligible their classmates’ behavior, and to account for their own behavior, Huarpes follow, in diverse environments and interactions, public rules of meaning. The objective of this paper is twofold: (a) to stress the methodological scope (...) of ordinary communication and ordinary reasoning in order to study understanding between people from different groups and categories, and (b) to contest a kind of pessimist standpoint in social sciences and philosophy according to which the use of ordinary language reduces possibilities for understanding. Interviews, participant observation in natural situations, and a review of literature about language and understanding are the basis of this paper. (shrink)

In order to fully understand Michel Foucault’s archeology of knowledge it is necessary to put it not only in the context of the discourse theories of the French school, but also in that of the linguistic theories of science. On the one hand, Foucault rejects the representational theory of scientific language. In his analysis of the discourse of the human sciences, with its complicated definition of the statement, he aims to show that we cannot limit the language of knowledge to (...) a vocabulary. On the other hand, Foucault’s approach is a serious challenge to structuralism because it is impossible to analyze the language of savoirs without taking into account the statement’s correlate. If the discourse of sciences is an artificial vocabulary created by means of the purification of the natural language, Saussure’s semiology could not compete against the conceptual dynamics of representational semiotics, and should admit that, in the cognitive usage, signs are representations. Therefore, Foucault admits that the statement has a correlate, that this correlate is not a physical object and that it functions as a historical structure of the discourse. This structure can be seen as a norm; the changing of this norm cannot be identified but in the archive and its description is always retrospective, structural and archaeological. (shrink)

Tras elaborar una versión de la Historia Universal motorizada por la producción deseante, Deleuze adoptó un viraje anti-historicista, desplazándose a los devenires no históricos y multiplicando perspectivas negativas sobre la historia. En el marco del debate entre quienes le adjudican posiciones exclusivamente anti-historicistas y quienes le atribuyen una filosofía de la historia o una metodología historicista, proponemos elucidar las críticas deleuzianas a la historia sirviéndonos de la distinción entre la historia como realidad objetiva y la disciplina histórica. Además, analizamos la (...) primacía otorgada a la filosofía sobre la historia a partir de su concepción del acontecimiento y su temporalidad. (shrink)

This essay argues that important critical and political perspective can be gained on Deleuze's famous essay, ‘Bartleby; or, The Formula’ by viewing it as an attempt to move beyond the Sartrean framework of ‘bad faith’. The argument comprises four sections. In section one, I contextualise Deleuze's essay in terms of contrasting readings of Bartleby, from a prior account by Georges Perec, to contemporary accounts indebted to Deleuze, from Hardt and Negri's Empire to Gisèle Berkman's recent L'Effet Bartleby. The argument of (...) this section is that a problematically reductive image of Bartleby has emerged in the wake of Deleuze's essay, but that this can be challenged in favour of a more nuanced and politically significant reading by contextualising the essay as an attempt to overcome bad faith. In section two, I develop this by drawing out the nature and relevance of the threat posed by bad faith through a focus on Sartrean, Deleuzian and Badioucan critiques of Bartleby, before arguing, in section three, that attention to the concept of a ‘logic of presuppositions’ developed in Deleuze's essay shows how bad faith can be overcome. These sections all build towards the fourth and longest section, which draws out the wider political significance of what it means to overcome bad faith. To do so, I pay attention to how logics of presupposition function in Bartleby's story, and consider Deleuze's essay in relation to his work on ‘control societies’ and ‘collective assemblages of enunciation’. (shrink)

La fenomenología husserliana es concebida desde el principio como un intento de superar la metafísica tradicional. El presente estudio intenta comprender el sentido y alcance de esta superación mediante un viaje al interior del proyecto filosófico de Husserl. En su itinerario intelectual dos conceptos son fundamentales: la reducción y la pregunta por el origen. En estas coordenadas la fenomenología es presentada como una filosofía que restituiría el sentido ori-ginario de la metafísica y de todo el proyecto científico.From the beginning Husserl’s (...) Phenomenology is conceived as an attempt to overcome the traditional metaphysics. The present study tries to understand the meaning and scope of this overcoming by an incursion into the interior of the philosophical project of Husserl. In his intellectual itinerary two concepts are fundamental: the reduction and the question of the origin. In these coordinates Phenomenology is presented as a philosophy that would restore the original meaning of metaphysics and the entire scientific project. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el fundamento existencialista de la introducción escrita por Michel Foucault a “Traum und Existenz” de Ludwing Binswanger. Sostenemos que Foucault, partiendo de la antropología binswangeriana, desarrolla el esbozo de una antropología de la imaginación. Esta antropología se centra en una serie de conceptos: sueño, existencia, libertad, imagen e imaginación. Sin embargo, a diferencia del Daseinsanalyse, Foucault pone el acento en la facticidad y en la expresión histórica de la libertad. En este punto se (...) plantea una diferencia importante entre ambos autores: mientras que Binswanger pone el acento en una noción de individuo que supedita su existencia individual a un ideal de totalidad comunitaria, Foucault destaca la necesidad de dirigir la dimensión fundante de la libertad hacia sus formas de expresión concretas. (shrink)