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  1. On the Epistemic Status of Prenatal Ultrasound: Are Ultrasound Scans Photographic Pictures?Maddalena Favaretto, Danya F. Vears & Pascal Borry - 2020 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 45 (2):231-250.
    Medical imaging is predominantly a visual field. In this context, prenatal ultrasound images assume intense social, ethical, and psychological significance by virtue of the subject they represent: the fetus. This feature, along with the sophistication introduced by three-dimensional ultrasound imaging that allows improved visualization of the fetus, has contributed to the common impression that prenatal ultrasound scans are like photographs of the fetus. In this article we discuss the consistency of such a comparison. First, we investigate the epistemic role of (...)
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  • Personal prenatal ultrasound use by women’s health professionals: An ethical analysis.Marielle S. Gross, Gail Geller & Anne Drapkin Lyerly - 2021 - Clinical Ethics 16 (4):364-370.
    Prenatal ultrasound use is skyrocketing despite limited evidence of improved outcomes. One factor driving this trend is the widely recognized psychological appeal of real-time fetal imaging. Meanwhile, considering imperfect safety evidence, U.S. professional guidelines dictate that prenatal ultrasound—a screening test—should be governed by expected clinical benefits—an opportunity for intervention. However, when women’s healthcare professionals themselves are pregnant, their access to ultrasound technology permits informal, personal use that may deviate from standard-of-care, e.g., for reassurance. Highlighting a poignant case wherein a pregnant (...)
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