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  1. Visible homonyms are ambiguous, subliminal homonyms are not: A close look at priming.Doris Eckstein, Matthias Kubat & Walter J. Perrig - 2011 - Consciousness and Cognition 20 (4):1327-1343.
    Homonyms, i.e. ambiguous words like ‘score’, have different meanings in different contexts. Previous research indicates that all potential meanings of a homonym are first accessed in parallel before one of the meanings is selected in a competitive race. If these processes are automatic, these processes of selection should even be observed when homonyms are shown subliminally. This study measured the time course of subliminal and supraliminal priming by homonyms with a frequent and a rare meaning in a neutral context, using (...)
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  • Learning of predictive relations between events depends on attention, not on awareness.Ruud Custers & Henk Aarts - 2011 - Consciousness and Cognition 20 (2):368-378.
    It is generally assumed that storing predictive relations between two events in memory as bi-directional associations does not require conscious awareness of this relation, whereas the formation of unidirectional associations that capture the direction of the relation does. This study reports a set of experiments demonstrating that unidirectional associations can be formed even when awareness of the relation is actively prevented, if attention is “tuned” to process predictive relations. When participants engaged in predicting targets based on cues in an unrelated (...)
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