Invested with the capacity to reinstate physiological order, medicines are at the centre of contemporary health care. Their purpose and efficacy are generally seen as predictable and concrete: disease = therapy = outcome. These culturally specific understandings shape the practices and meanings of taking medicines. This article, however, queries what actually takes place when human bodies and medical drugs converge. Is it a solely therapeutic affair, a restoration of bodily normality, or one of multiple transformations? The ambivalent meaning of the (...) original Greek word for drug, pharmakon, intimates the potential of medicines to act as ‘remedy’ as well as ‘poison’. Using pharmakon as a conceptual tool, the article explores the complex, and often paradoxical corporeal effects of HIV combination therapy, with particular focus on lipodystrophy, a peculiar change in people‘s body shape. This unintended and frequently distressing iatro-genic phenomenon challenges common notions of therapeutic efficacy and causality and foregrounds the productive dimension of medical drugs - their capacity to reconfigure bodies, diseases and identities in multiple, unpredictable ways. (shrink)