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Contrasts in Scientific Style: Research Groups in the Chemical and Biochemical Sciences

Joseph S. Fruton

Journal of the History of Biology 24 (3):546-548 (1991)

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`What Holds The Earth Together': Agnes Chase And American Agrostology.Pamela M. Henson - 2003 - Journal of the History of Biology 36 (3):437-460.details Geison's model of a research school is applied to the case of Agnes Chase, agrostologist at the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, and curator, U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution. Chase developed a geographically dispersed research school in systematic agrostology across the Americas in the first half of the twentieth century. Despite her gender-based lack of institutional power, Chase used her scientific expertise, mentoring skills, and relationships based on women's groups to develop a cohesive school of grass (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 1 citation
What is a virus? The case of tobacco mosaic disease.Ton van Helvoort - 1991 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 22 (4):557-588.details It is argued that the major interpretations of tobacco mosaic virus which were suggested in the first half of the 20th century can be ordered into two conflicting approaches. It is shown that explaining the existence of these different approaches as views from different perspectives, is a mistaken metaphor. The different approaches resulted in the "construction" of different research objects as answers to the questions "What is a virus"? Although these different conceptions did exclude each other, they co-existed because of (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 10 citations
Adaptation and the Importance of Local Culture: Creating a Research School at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.Ronald Rainger - 2003 - Journal of the History of Biology 36 (3):461 - 500.details In the 1930s and 1940s a research school developed among scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. Although that was due in large part to Harald U. Sverdrup, a prominent Norwegian oceanographer who served as Scripps director from 1936 to 1948, this paper emphasizes the adaptive, evolving character of that research school. Conditions at Scripps prior to Sverdrup's arrival influenced his efforts in successfully organizing a group of scientists. Once at Scripps Sverdrup proved to be an (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 3 citations
Friedrich Miescher’s Discovery in the Historiography of Genetics: From Contamination to Confusion, from Nuclein to DNA.Sophie Juliane Veigl, Oren Harman & Ehud Lamm - 2020 - Journal of the History of Biology 53 (3):451-484.details In 1869, Johann Friedrich Miescher discovered a new substance in the nucleus of living cells. The substance, which he called nuclein, is now known as DNA, yet both Miescher’s name and his theoretical ideas about nuclein are all but forgotten. This paper traces the trajectory of Miescher’s reception in the historiography of genetics. To his critics, Miescher was a “contaminator,” whose preparations were impure. Modern historians portrayed him as a “confuser,” whose misunderstandings delayed the development of molecular biology. Each of (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 1 citation
German women in chemistry, 1895–19251 (part I).Jeffrey A. Johnson - 1998 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 6 (1):1-21.details The paper traces the entrance of German women into the chemistry profession from the 1890s to 1925, examining how they first overcame social and cultural conservatism to obtain access to opportunities for a chemical education during the later Kaiserreich, then began to seek academic and industrial careers and to establish a professional organization in the face of resistance from the established Verein Deutscher Chemiker. The paper examines the effect of World War I and the advent of the Weimar Republic in (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 2 citations

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