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Science and Philosophy in the Soviet Union

Alfred A. Knopf (1972)

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  1. Reformulation of knowledge: epistemological reading of Soviet Marxism in the post-Soviet times.Maria Chehonadskih - 2021 - Studies in East European Thought 74 (1):75-91.
    The paper questions an official narrative of Soviet Marxism that had been formulated both by the Bolshevik leaders and the Western European Marxists. It proposes to shift the discussion from a historically constituted understanding of Soviet Marxism as a partisanship of theory to the epistemic conditions of Marxism after the October Revolution. The paper argues that a post-revolutionary Soviet logic assumes that theory should start where Marx ended and that it should act in a Marxist fashion across all conceptual and (...)
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  • (1 other version)Citizen Seismology, Stalinist Science, and Vladimir Mannar’s Cold Wars.Elena Aronova - 2017 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 42 (2):226-256.
    This essay takes a historical view on “citizen science” by exploring its socialist version via the case of a Soviet amateur seismologist Vladimir Mannar. In the wake of the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, which coincided with Lysenko’s victory in his campaign against genetics, Mannar launched an aborted campaign for a participatory “socialist seismology.” Mannar co-opted Lysenkoist language of science for the people and gained professional status within professional seismology but was shut out by the experts capitalizing on a “big science” imperative (...)
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  • Science, Worldviews and Education: An Introduction.Michael R. Matthews - 2009 - Science & Education 18 (6-7):641-666.
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  • Teaching the Philosophical and Worldview Components of Science.Michael R. Matthews - 2009 - Science & Education 18 (6-7):697-728.
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  • Science and worldviews in the marxist tradition.C. D. Skordoulis - 2008 - Science & Education 17 (6):559-571.
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  • Interpretációk a fizikában.László Székely - unknown
    Through the analysis of the interpretations of quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity, the paper aims to demonstrate the following thesis: the Duhem-Quine thesis on empirical underdetermination can be extended to the claim that not only the empirical data, but also the empirical data together with the mathematical formalism of a physical theory do not suffice to determine completely our theories of physical reality. As a consequence, beyond observational data and mathematical physics, cultural and social factors as well as (...)
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  • Vygotsky and Lenin on Learning: The Parallel Structures of Individual and Social Development.Wayne Au - 2007 - Science and Society 71 (3):273 - 298.
    Study of Lenin and Vygotsky's theoretical explorations of social and individual development reveals Vygotsky's conception of conscious awareness and scientific concepts as directly correlated with Lenin's conception of consciousness. Following from this core idea, similarities are demonstrated between Lenin's conception of the role of political leadership in the development of working-class consciousness and the role of Vygotsky's teacher or "more capable peer" in the development of "conscious awareness." Finally, Vygotsky's methodological leap in his conception of individual development is best understood (...)
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  • Transformation Discourse: Nuclear Risk as a Strategic Tool in Late Soviet Politics of Expertise.Sonja D. Schmid - 2004 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 29 (3):353-376.
    In this article, the author examines an exemplary part of the Soviet media discussion following the Chernobyl disaster. She traces transformations in this discourse affecting the concepts of risk and uncertainty and indicates their relevance for the reconfiguration of the relationships between the state, scientific experts, and the public. Chernobyl occurred during a period of unprecedented potential for change: in the wake of Gorbachev’s perestroika, newly emerging environmental groups gradually managed to gain access to a previously closed forum, the national (...)
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  • Controversies and existence claims in chemistry: The theory of resonance.Hans P. W. Vermeeren - 1986 - Synthese 69 (3):273-290.
    Controversies, i.e., multiple theory confrontations, may have a strong impact on the development of science. By an analysis of the so-called resonance controversy in chemistry the view that controversies and their resolution differ considerably from the process of theory succession is defended. It is argued that controversies are symptomatic of foundational problems, produce theory-scattering or domain-splitting, and induce ontological shifts. An explication is given of the role of existence claims and the applicability of Ockham's Razor in the resolution of controversies. (...)
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  • Teleological principles in science.Lewis S. Feuer - 1978 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 21 (1-4):377 – 407.
    In the search for elementary particles, such principles are used as Gell?mann's that ?anything which is possible is compulsory?. This is an example of a teleological principle according to which the scientist tries to realize in science the kind of world that he desires on prior emotional grounds. Mendeleev's classical discovery of the Periodic Law and Table of Elements was thus guided by his mystical values. A mechanistic anti?teleologist such as Jacques Loeb was indeed a crypto?teleologist who wished science to (...)
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  • Lajos Jánossy's reformulation of relativity theory in the contexts of „dialectical materialism” and traditional scientific rationalism.László Székely - unknown
    The late Hungarian physicist Lajos Jánossy is respected in international physics first of all for his results achieved in the field of cosmic radiations, but his work in the alternative, Lorentzian tradition of relativity theory is also of historical importance. As an adopted son of the Hungarian Marxist philosopher, Georg Lukács, he was socialised in a left-wing spirit. He formulated a philosophical criticism of Einstein’s theory in terms of dialectical materialism in the 1950s and 1960s. In contrast to the new (...)
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  • An american looks at soviet science.M. D. Akhundov, L. B. Bazhenov & V. N. Ignat'ev - 1991 - Biology and Philosophy 6 (3):363-376.
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  • (1 other version)Crafting socialist embryology: dialectics, aquaculture and the diverging discipline in Maoist China, 1950–1965.Lijing Jiang - 2017 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 40 (1):3.
    In the 1950s, embryology in socialist China underwent a series of changes that adjusted the disciplinary apparatus to suit socialism and the national goal of self-reliance. As the Communist state called on scientists to learn from the Soviets, embryologists’ comprehensive view on heredity, which did not contradict Trofim Lysenko ’s doctrines, provided a space for them to advance their discipline. Leading scientists, often trained abroad in the tradition of experimental embryology, rode on the tides of Maoist ideology and repositioned their (...)
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  • Between 'Biosphere' and 'Gaia'. Earth as a Living Organism in Soviet Geo-Ecology.Giulia Rispoli - 2014 - Cosmos and History 10 (2):78-91.
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  • The challenge of knowledge soup.John F. Sowa - 2006 - In Jayashree Ramadas & Sugra Chunawala (eds.), Research Trends in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education. Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, TIFR. pp. 55--90.
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  • The Cold War Context of the Golden Jubilee, Or, Why We Think of Mendel as the Father of Genetics.Audra J. Wolfe - 2012 - Journal of the History of Biology 45 (3):389 - 414.
    In September 1950, the Genetics Society of America (GSA) dedicated its annual meeting to a "Golden Jubilee of Genetics" that celebrated the 50th anniversary of the rediscovery of Mendel's work. This program, originally intended as a small ceremony attached to the coattails of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) meeting, turned into a publicity juggernaut that generated coverage on Mendel and the accomplishments of Western genetics in countless newspapers and radio broadcasts. The Golden Jubilee merits historical attention as both (...)
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  • On the philosophical roots of today’s science policy: Any lessons from the “Lysenko affair”?Nils Roll-Hansen - 2015 - Studies in East European Thought 67 (1-2):91-109.
    Present science policy discourse is focused on a broad concept of “techno-science” and emphasizes practical economic goals and gains. At the same time scientists are worried about the freedom of research and the autonomy of science. Half a century ago the difference between basic and applied science was widely taken for granted and autonomy was a value in high esteem. Most recent accounts of the history of science policy start abruptly from World War II, emphasize the Cold War context, and (...)
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  • Dynamics of theory change in chemistry: Part 2. Benzene and molecular orbitals, 1945–1980.Stephen G. Brush - 1999 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 30 (2):263-302.
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  • On Labels and Issues: The Lysenko Controversy and the Cold War.William deJong-Lambert & Nikolai Krementsov - 2012 - Journal of the History of Biology 45 (3):373-388.
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  • Integrating evolution: A contribution to the Christian doctrine of creation.Rudolf B. Brun - 1994 - Zygon 29 (3):275-296.
    Science has demonstrated that the universe creates itself through its own history. This history is the result of a probabilistic process, not a deterministic execution of a plan. Science has also documented that human beings are a result of this universal, probabilistic process of general evolution. At first sight, these results seem to contradict Christian teaching. According to the Bible, history is essentially the history of salvation. Human beings therefore are not an “accident of nature” but special creations to be (...)
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  • Lysenko Affair and Polish Botany.Piotr Köhler - 2011 - Journal of the History of Biology 44 (2):305 - 343.
    This article describes the slight impact of Lysenkoism upon Polish botany. I begin with an account of the development of plant genetics in Poland, as well as the attitude of scientists and the Polish intelligentsia toward Marxist philosophy prior to the World War II. Next I provide a short history of the introduction and demise of Lysenkoism in Polish science, with a focus on events in botany, in context with key events in Polish science from 1939 to 1958. The article (...)
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  • Sociological and Communication-Theoretical Perspectives on the Commercialization of the Sciences.Loet Leydesdorff - 2013 - Science & Education 22 (10):2511-2527.
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  • Religion, science, and political religion in the soviet context.Michael David-fox - 2011 - Modern Intellectual History 8 (2):471-484.
    The intellectual movement to interpret fascism, Nazism, and Stalinism as “political religions” has generated lively debates and an intensive publication program for over a decade. The scholarly trend has been closely associated with a revival of the concept of totalitarianism, reconfigured to account for the popular appeal and violent fervor of twentieth-century mass movements of the extreme right and left. As theoreticians of political religion have been preoccupied with arguments about the definition of religion and the problems of comparison, two (...)
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