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  1. A “little bit illegal”? Withholding and withdrawing of mechanical ventilation in the eyes of German intensive care physicians.Sabine Beck, Andreas van de Loo & Stella Reiter-Theil - 2008 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 11 (1):7-16.
    Research questions and backgroundThis study explores a highly controversial issue of medical care in Germany: the decision to withhold or withdraw mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. It analyzes difficulties in making these decisions and the physicians’ uncertainty in understanding the German terminology of Sterbehilfe, which is used in the context of treatment limitation. Used in everyday language, the word Sterbehilfe carries connotations such as helping the patient in the dying process or helping the patient to enter the dying process. (...)
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  • Physician perspectives and compliance with patient advance directives: the role external factors play on physician decision making. [REVIEW]Christopher M. Burkle, Paul S. Mueller, Keith M. Swetz, C. Christopher Hook & Mark T. Keegan - 2012 - BMC Medical Ethics 13 (1):31-.
    Background Following passage of the Patient Self Determination Act in 1990, health care institutions that receive Medicare and Medicaid funding are required to inform patients of their right to make their health care preferences known through execution of a living will and/or to appoint a surrogate-decision maker. We evaluated the impact of external factors and perceived patient preferences on physicians’ decisions to honor or forgo previously established advance directives (ADs). In addition, physician views regarding legal risk, patients’ ability to comprehend (...)
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  • Development and Validation of a Script Concordance Test (SCT) to Evaluate Ethical Reasoning Ability Among First and Fifth Year Students in a Medical School.Allan Pau, Saraswathy Thangarajoo, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Lai Chun Wong, Pak Fong Wong, Patricia Matizha, Sivalingam Nalliah & Vishna Devi Nadarajah - 2019 - Journal of Academic Ethics 17 (2):193-204.
    A script concordance test was developed as an innovative tool for assessing ethical reasoning ability. An SCT of 12 medical ethical vignettes were constructed from the UNESCO Casebook on Human Dignity and Human Rights. The vignettes were reviewed by a panel of 15 medical experts before administration to a panel of 18 clinicians. The clinician’s answers were used to constitute the scoring key. The SCT was then administered to first and final year medical students. Data were analysed using SPSS. Internal (...)
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  • Licensing Surrogate Decision-Makers.Philip M. Rosoff - 2017 - HEC Forum 29 (2):145-169.
    As medical technology continues to improve, more people will live longer lives with multiple chronic illnesses with increasing cumulative debilitation, including cognitive dysfunction. Combined with the aging of society in most developed countries, an ever-growing number of patients will require surrogate decision-makers. While advance care planning by patients still capable of expressing their preferences about medical interventions and end-of-life care can improve the quality and accuracy of surrogate decisions, this is often not the case, not infrequently leading to demands for (...)
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  • Nurses' and Physicians' Opinions on Aggressiveness of Treatment for General Ward Patients.Mia Svantesson, Peter Sjökvist, Håkan Thorsén & Gerd Ahlström - 2006 - Nursing Ethics 13 (2):147-162.
    The aim of this study was to evaluate agreement between nurses’ and physicians’ opinions regarding aggressiveness of treatment and to investigate and compare the rationales on which their opinions were based. Structured interviews regarding 714 patients were performed on seven general wards of a university hospital. The data gathered were then subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses. There was 86% agreement between nurses’ and physicians’ opinions regarding full or limited treatment when the answers given as ‘uncertain’ were excluded. Agreement was (...)
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  • Attitudes and behaviors of Japanese physicians concerning withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment for end-of-life patients: results from an Internet survey.Seiji Bito & Atsushi Asai - 2007 - BMC Medical Ethics 8 (1):1-9.
    Background Evidence concerning how Japanese physicians think and behave in specific clinical situations that involve withholding or withdrawal of medical interventions for end-of-life or frail elderly patients is yet insufficient. Methods To analyze decisions and actions concerning the withholding/withdrawal of life-support care by Japanese physicians, we conducted cross-sectional web-based internet survey presenting three scenarios involving an elderly comatose patient following a severe stroke. Volunteer physicians were recruited for the survey through mailing lists and medical journals. The respondents answered questions concerning (...)
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  • Ethically Problematic Treatment Decisions: A Physician Survey.Samulii Saarni - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (2):121-129.
    ABSTRACT Background: Experiencing ethical problems requires both ethically problematic situations and ethical sensitivity. Ethically problematic treatment decisions are distressing and might reflect health care quality problems. Whether all physicians actually experience ethical problems, what these problems are and how they vary according to physician age, gender and work sector are largely unknown. Methods: A mail survey of all non‐retired physicians licensed in Finland (n = 17,172, response rate 75.6%). Results: The proportion of physicians reporting having made ethically problematic treatment decisions (...)
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  • Changes in attitudes towards hastened death among Finnish physicians over the past sixteen years.Reetta P. Piili, Riina Metsänoja, Heikki Hinkka, Pirkko-Liisa I. Kellokumpu-Lehtinen & Juho T. Lehto - 2018 - BMC Medical Ethics 19 (1):40.
    The ethics of hastened death are complex. Studies on physicians’ opinions about assisted dying exist, but changes in physicians’ attitudes towards hastened death in clinical decision-making and the background factors explaining this remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the changes in these attitudes among Finnish physicians. A questionnaire including hypothetical patient scenarios was sent to 1182 and 1258 Finnish physicians in 1999 and 2015, respectively. Two scenarios of patients with advanced cancer were presented: one requesting an (...)
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  • To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare ethics among medical, dental and physiotherapy postgraduate students—a pilot study.Veena Pais, Vina Vaswani & Sudeep Pais - 2020 - International Journal of Ethics Education 6 (1):97-107.
    Conventional medical training offers little help to students to resolve the ethical dilemmas they face as healthcare professionals. Public awareness of the ethical behavior of medical practitioners has been growing. Aim of this study was to assess knowledge of, practice in and attitudes of healthcare ethics among medical, dental and physiotherapy postgraduate students. A cross-sectional analysis based on a questionnaire was performed at a hospital and dental institution of the medical college. The present study included 60 postgraduate students. The questionnaire (...)
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  • A Qualitative Analysis of Ethical Problems Experienced by Physicians and Nurses in Intensive Care Units in Turkey.Nesrin Çobanoğlu & Lale Algıer - 2004 - Nursing Ethics 11 (5):444-458.
    In this qualitative study, we aimed to identify and compare the ethical problems perceived by physicians and nurses in intensive care units at Baskent University hospitals in Turkey. A total of 21 physicians and 22 nurses were asked to describe ethical problems that they frequently encounter in their practice. The data were analyzed using an interactive model. The core problem for both physicians and nurses was end-of-life decisions (first level). In this category, physicians were most frequently concerned with euthanasia while (...)
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  • Social values as an independent factor affecting end of life medical decision making.Charles J. Cohen, Yifat Chen, Hedi Orbach, Yossi Freier-Dror, Gail Auslander & Gabriel S. Breuer - 2015 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 18 (1):71-80.
    Research shows that the physician’s personal attributes and social characteristics have a strong association with their end-of-life decision making. Despite efforts to increase patient, family and surrogate input into EOL decision making, research shows the physician’s input to be dominant. Our research finds that physician’s social values, independent of religiosity, have a significant association with physician’s tendency to withhold or withdraw life sustaining, EOL treatments. It is suggested that physicians employ personal social values in their EOL medical coping, because they (...)
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