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  1. Measuring and Modelling Truth.Nicholas J. J. Smith - 2012 - American Philosophical Quarterly 49 (4):345-356.
    Philosophers, linguists and others interested in problems concerning natural language frequently employ tools from logic and model theory. The question arises as to the proper interpretation of the formal methods employed—of the relationship between, on the one hand, the formal languages and their set-theoretic models and, on the other hand, the objects of ultimate interest: natural language and the meanings and truth conditions of its constituent words, phrases and sentences. Two familiar answers to this question are descriptivism and instrumentalism. More (...)
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  • Fuzzy logics – quantitatively.Zofia Kostrzycka & Marek Zaionc - 2023 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 34 (1):97-132.
    The Gödel–Dummett logic and Łukasiewicz one are two main many-valued logics used by the fuzzy logic community. Our goal is a quantitative comparison of these two. In this paper, we will mostly consider the 3-valued Gödel–Dummett logic as well as the 3-valued Łukasiewicz one. We shall concentrate on their implicational-negation fragments which are limited to formulas formed with a fixed finite number of variables. First, we investigate the proportion of the number of true formulas of a certain length n to (...)
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  • Modeling Gender as a Multidimensional Sorites Paradox.Rory W. Collins - 2021 - Hypatia 36 (2):302–320.
    Gender is both indeterminate and multifaceted: many individuals do not fit neatly into accepted gender categories, and a vast number of characteristics are relevant to determining a person's gender. This article demonstrates how these two features, taken together, enable gender to be modeled as a multidimensional sorites paradox. After discussing the diverse terminology used to describe gender, I extend Helen Daly's research into sex classifications in the Olympics and show how varying testosterone levels can be represented using a sorites argument. (...)
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  • Uncertainty modelling for vague concepts: A prototype theory approach.Jonathan Lawry & Yongchuan Tang - 2009 - Artificial Intelligence 173 (18):1539-1558.
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  • Vagueness and Formal Fuzzy Logic: Some Criticisms.Giangiacomo Gerla - 2017 - Logic and Logical Philosophy 26 (4).
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  • Fuzzy Logic and Higher-Order Vagueness.Nicholas J. J. Smith - 2011 - In Petr Cintula, Chris Fermüller, Lluis Godo & Petr Hájek (eds.), Logical Models of Reasoning with Vague Information. pp. 1--19.
    The major reason given in the philosophical literature for dissatisfaction with theories of vagueness based on fuzzy logic is that such theories give rise to a problem of higherorder vagueness or artificial precision. In this paper I first outline the problem and survey suggested solutions: fuzzy epistemicism; measuring truth on an ordinal scale; logic as modelling; fuzzy metalanguages; blurry sets; and fuzzy plurivaluationism. I then argue that in order to decide upon a solution, we need to understand the true nature (...)
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  • A really fuzzy approach to the sorites paradox.Francesco Paoli - 2003 - Synthese 134 (3):363 - 387.
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  • Fuzzy Logic for Scientific Discoveries in Fuzziological Epistemology.Ahmad Sadeghi - 2024 - International Journal of Philosophy 12 (2):27-37.
    All types of logic started with Aristotle and have been corrected as a traditional, formal, conditional, classical logic and even modern logic carry the main problems of Aristotelian logic. Despite their important differences, because of these core commonalities they are all called Classical Logic. The fundamental limitations of classical logic make it impossible to advance the knowledge necessary to solve growing human problems. All human knowledge, especially scientific knowledge is based on the logical principles that seem to hinder the knowledge (...)
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