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  1. Rank Has Its Privileges: Explaining Why Laboratory Safety Is a Persistent Challenge.Gokce Basbug, Ayn Cavicchi & Susan S. Silbey - 2023 - Journal of Business Ethics 184 (3):571-587.
    Environmental, health, and safety management systems have become common in research settings to improve laboratory safety through systematic observation and self-regulation. However, there is scant empirical evidence assessing whether these surveillance and inspection systems meet their intended objectives. Using data from safety inspections in research laboratories at a large university, we investigate whether conducting inspections, and recording and reporting findings back to the formally responsible actors (i.e., principal investigator scientists) lead to the improvement of regulatory compliance. Our analyses identify a (...)
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  • Hybrid Experiments in Higher Education: General Trends and Local Factors at the Academic–Business Boundary.Chisato Fukada, Sigrid Peterson, Greg Downey, Noah Weeth Feinstein & Daniel Lee Kleinman - 2018 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 43 (3):540-569.
    In response to the many pressures facing public higher education, public universities are experimenting with business-oriented practices that seem likely to alter their nature and purposes. In this paper, we examine several hybrid experiments—new organizational strategies intended deliberately, sometimes explicitly, to hybridize the traditional norms and practices associated with academia and business at one emblematic public university. These cases illustrate how each hybrid experiment is a tacit response to existing norms and strategies that govern the university–business boundary, initiated as a (...)
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  • On Staging Work: How Research Funding Bodies Create Adaptive Coherence in Times of Projectification.Roland Bal, Lieke Oldenhof & Rik Wehrens - 2022 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 47 (3):483-516.
    While recent science and technology studies literature focuses on “projectification” and its felt tensions for researchers, a surprising scarcity of empirical work addresses experiences at the “other end,” such as funding bodies often held “responsible” for tensions encountered by researchers. Actors in funding bodies experience similar tensions, however. While projectification necessitates predictability and individual project objectives, research funding is also increasingly organized in networks promoting local experimentation. Moreover, funding bodies are part of a system of accountability in which investments are (...)
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  • What Scientists Say about the Changing Risk Calculation in the Marine Environment under the Harper Government of Canada.Melanie G. Wiber & Allain J. Barnett - 2019 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 44 (1):29-51.
    This paper examines how the Harper Government of Canada shut down both debate about threats and research into environmental risk, a strategy that Canadian scientists characterized as the “death of evidence.” Based on interviews with scientists who research risks to the marine environment, we explore the shifting relationship between science and the Canadian government by tracing the change in the mode of risk calculation supported by the Harper administration and the impact of this change. Five themes emerged from the interviews: (...)
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  • A story of nimble knowledge production in an era of academic capitalism.Steve G. Hoffman - 2021 - Theory and Society 50 (4):541-575.
    A rise of academic capitalism over the past four decades has been well documented within many research-intensive universities. Largely missing, however, are in-depth studies of how particularly situated academic groups manage the uncertainties that come with intermittent and fickle commercial funding streams in their daily research practice and problem choice. To capture the strategies scientists adopt under these conditions, this article provides an ethnographically detailed (and true) story about how a single project in Artificial Intelligence grew over several years from (...)
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  • Managing Ambiguities at the Edge of Knowledge: Research Strategy and Artificial Intelligence Labs in an Era of Academic Capitalism.Steve G. Hoffman - 2017 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 42 (4):703-740.
    Many research-intensive universities have moved into the business of promoting technology development that promises revenue, impact, and legitimacy. While the scholarship on academic capitalism has documented the general dynamics of this institutional shift, we know less about the ground-level challenges of research priority and scientific problem choice. This paper unites the practice tradition in science and technology studies with an organizational analysis of decision-making to compare how two university artificial intelligence labs manage ambiguities at the edge of scientific knowledge. One (...)
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