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“The problem of universals” in general is a historically variable bundle of several closely related, yet in different conceptual frameworks rather differently articulated metaphysical, logical, and epistemological questions, ultimately all connected to the issue of how universal cognition of singular things is possible. How do we know, for example, that the Pythagorean theorem holds universally, for all possible right triangles? Indeed, how can we have any awareness of a potential infinity of all possible right triangles, given that we could only (...) |
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When questioning whether political deception can be ethically warranted, two competing intuitions jump to the fore. First, political deception is a fact of human life, used in the realpolitik of governance. Second, the ethical warrant of truth asserts itself as inexorably and indefatigably preferable to falsehood. Unfortunately, a cursory examination of the history of philosophy reveals a paucity of models to marry these basic intuitions. Some thinkers (e.g., Augustine, Aquinas, Grotius, Kant, Mill, and Rawls) privilege the truth by neglecting the (...) |
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A problemática da lei natural e do direito natural, no sentido dum imperativo que não esteja fundado numa autoridade ou lei positiva, tem tido um crescente interesse da parte de pesquisadores especialmente nas áreas do direito, filosofia do direito, direitos humanos, bioética, filosofia prática e história da filosofia. Neste artigo oferecemos a original con-tribuição que Duns Scotus traz para a discussão acerca da lei natural desenvolvida por ele no Ordinatio aplicada ao âmbito da moral, através da análise dos mandamentos, e (...) |
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Aquinas’ doctrine of materia signata or “designated matter” is an important deviation from the traditional doctrines on matter. Through in-depth typological and genetic analyses of the related concepts, this essay explores materia signata’s ontological qualities, generative mechanism and function, as well as its academic significance in the history of both Christian theology and Western philosophy. |
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