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  1. Conflicting Futures: Environmental Regulation of Plant Targeted Genetic Modification.Jennifer Kuzma & Adam Kokotovich - 2014 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 34 (3-4):108-120.
    Novel targeted genetic modification (TagMo) techniques for plants have the potential to increase the speed and ease of genetic modification and fall outside existing regulatory authority. We conducted 31 interviews with expert-stakeholders to explore the differing visions they have for the future of plant TagMo environmental regulation. To guide our analysis we review the tenets of anticipatory governance in light of future studies literature on emerging technology, focusing on how to contribute to reflexivity by making explicit the assumptions within envisioned (...)
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  • A Failure of Convivencia: Democracy and Discourse Conflicts in a Virtual Government.John Carter McKnight - 2012 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 32 (5):361-374.
    Early utopian notions of Internet-based community as enabling transcendence of earthly governments and cultural divides manifested in the massively multiplayer online nongame platform, Second Life. However, while platform users nearly unanimously chose governance regimes based on professional management rather than democratic self-governance, one of the few democratic experiments experienced deep conflict over precisely the utopian notions it held in common. This article examines a failed merger between two experimental democratic communities in the virtual world of Second Life as an example (...)
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  • Blinding Authority: Randomized Clinical Trials and the Production of Global Scientific Knowledge in Contemporary Sri Lanka.Salla Sariola & Bob Simpson - 2012 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 37 (5):555-575.
    In this article, the authors present an ethnography of biomedical knowledge production and science collaboration when they take place in developing country contexts. The authors focus on the arrival of international clinical trials to Sri Lanka and provide analysis of what was described as one of the first multisited trials in the country, a pharmaceutical company sponsored, phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial carried out between 2009 and 2010. Using interviews with those who conducted the trial and six months (...)
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  • Participatory Approaches in Science and Technology: Historical Origins and Current Practices in Critical Perspective.Martin Lengwiler - 2008 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 33 (2):186-200.
    Recent science and technology studies have analyzed questions of nonexpert participation in science, technology, and science policy from an empirically grounded perspective. The introduction to this special issue offers a double contribution to this debate. First, it presents a summary of the state of the art and an outline of the historical emergence of the participatory question. The argument distinguishes four periods since the late nineteenth century, each with a specific relationship between expert and nonexpert knowledge ranging from a hybrid, (...)
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  • Disentrenching Experiment: The Construction of GM—Crop Field Trials As a Social Problem.Claire Marris, Pierre-Benoit Joly & Christophe Bonneuil - 2008 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 33 (2):201-229.
    The paper investigates how field experimentation of genetically modified crops became central to the French controversy on genetically modified organisms in recent years. Initially constructed in the 1980s as a cognitive endeavor to be preserved from lay interference, field trials of genetically modified crops were reconceived as “an intrusion in the social space,” which had to be negotiated with actors from that space. In order to analyze this transformation, the authors suggest that it is necessary to develop an interpretive framework (...)
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  • “Opening Up” and “Closing Down”: Power, Participation, and Pluralism in the Social Appraisal of Technology.Andy Stirling - 2008 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 33 (2):262-294.
    Discursive deference in the governance of science and technology is rebalancing from expert analysis toward participatory deliberation. Linear, scientistic conceptions of innovation are giving ground to more plural, socially situated understandings. Yet, growing recognition of social agency in technology choice is countered by persistently deterministic notions of technological progress. This article addresses this increasingly stark disjuncture. Distinguishing between “appraisal” and “commitment” in technology choice, it highlights contrasting implications of normative, instrumental, and substantive imperatives in appraisal. Focusing on the role of (...)
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  • Ethics Expertise and Public Credibility: A Case Study of the Ethical Principle of Justice.Yoshio Nukaga - 2016 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 41 (4):709-731.
    In recent years, scholars in science and technology studies have examined the advice that experts make for the governance of biomedicine. This STS scholarship, however, has not yet explained how the credibility of ethics expertise in public bioethics is produced from particular conditions and extended to different settings. This article describes how a bioethics commission created the ethical principle of justice and examines how the ethics expertise established public credibility on the justice principle. The findings suggest that the principle of (...)
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  • Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research in Practice: Between Imaginaries of Collective Experimentation and Entrenched Academic Value Orders.Thomas Völker, Andrea Schikowitz, Judith Igelsböck & Ulrike Felt - 2016 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 41 (4):732-761.
    Over the past decades, we have witnessed calls for greater transdisciplinary engagement between scientific and societal actors to develop more robust answers to complex societal challenges. Although there seems to be agreement that these approaches might nurture innovations of a new kind, we know little regarding the research practices, their potential, and the limitations. To fill this gap, this article investigates a funding scheme in the area of transdisciplinary sustainability research. It offers a detailed analysis of the imaginaries and expectations (...)
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  • Beyond the Geneticization Thesis: The Political Economy of PGD/pgs in Spain. [REVIEW]Flor Arias & Vincenzo Pavone - 2012 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 37 (3):235-261.
    In the last decade, preimplantation genetic testing have become widely used and in 2005 constituted 5 percent of all in vitro fertilization cycles performed in Europe. Their diffusion, however, is not homogenous; while in some countries they are prohibited and in others hardly implemented, Spain performs 33 percent of all the PGD/pgs. While policy guidelines and mainstream bioethics address PGD from a patient choice perspective, disability studies insist on PGD’s potentiality for discrimination. Alternatively, other authors have explored PGD/pgs from the (...)
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  • Molecular Detector (Non)Technology in Mexico.Luis Reyes-Galindo - 2017 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 42 (1):86-115.
    This paper discusses the introduction of fraudulent “molecular detector” technology into Mexico. The case is used to argue that contemporary science and technology studies’ approaches to scientific policy-making make basic assumptions about the societies they operate in that are inconsistent with the Mexican context. This paper also argues that contrary to what happens in the so-called Global North, the relative power of Mexican science in government and policy circles is as much limited by its relatively weak position as much as (...)
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  • Paradise Lost? ‘‘Science’’ and ‘‘the Public’’ after Asilomar.Monika Kurath & Priska Gisler - 2011 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 36 (2):213-243.
    Scientists continually face public concerns over the potential risks of biotechnology. This article reflects on the 1970s when leading molecular biologists established a moratorium, and initiated the second international Asilomar conference, on recombinant DNA molecules. Since then, this event has been widely perceived as an important historical moment when scientific actors took into account public concerns. Yet, by focusing on the history of the Public Understanding of Science discourse, we gain new insight into how ‘‘science’’ and the ‘‘public’’ have in (...)
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  • Making Nano Matter: An Inquiry into the Discourses of Governable Science.Elena Simakova - 2012 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 37 (6):604-626.
    The article examines science-policy conversations mediated by social science in attempts to govern, or set up terms for, scientific research. The production of social science research accounts about science faces challenges in the domains of emerging technosciences, such as nano. Constructing notions of success and failure, participants in science actively engage in the interpretation of policy notions, such as the societal relevance of their research. Industrial engagement is one of the prominent themes both in policy renditions of governable science, and (...)
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  • Deficits, Expectations and Paradigms in British and American Drug Safety Assessments: Prising Open the Black Box of Regulatory Science.Courtney Davis & John Abraham - 2007 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 32 (4):399-431.
    This article examines the regulation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with particular focus on products approved for marketing in the United Kingdom, while denied marketing approval in the United States on safety grounds, and then subsequently withdrawn from the UK market on those grounds. Using international comparison of regulatory data never before accessed outside government and companies, together with interviews with relevant industry scientists and regulators, the article demonstrates the importance of regulatory expectations, deficits and paradigms. It is argued both that (...)
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  • Genomic Justice for Native Americans: Impact of the Havasupai Case on Genetic Research.Nanibaa' A. Garrison - 2013 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 38 (2):201-223.
    In 2004, the Havasupai Tribe filed a lawsuit against the Arizona Board of Regents and Arizona State University researchers upon discovering their DNA samples, initially collected for genetic studies on type 2 diabetes, had been used in several other genetic studies. The lawsuit reached a settlement in April 2010 that included monetary compensation and return of DNA samples to the Havasupai but left no legal precedent for researchers. Through semistructured interviews, institutional review board chairs and human genetics researchers at US (...)
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  • On the Emergence of Science and Justice.Jenny Reardon - 2013 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 38 (2):176-200.
    In the last few years, justice has emerged as a matter of concern for the contemporary constitution of technoscience. Increasingly, both practicing scientists and engineers and scholars of science and technology cite justice as an organizing theme of their work. In this essay, I consider why “science and justice” might be arising now. I then ask after the opportunities, but also the dangers, of this formation. By way of example, I explore the openings and exclusions created by the recent conjugation (...)
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  • Democratizing Knowledge: Sustainable and Conventional Agricultural Field Days as Divergent Democratic Forms.Michael S. Carolan - 2008 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 33 (4):508-528.
    This article highlights that in our rush to call for the democratization of science and expertise we must not forget to speak to what type of democratization we are calling for. In short, not all participatory forms are the same. In developing this argument, I examine one such form that has yet to receive much attention from science and technology studies scholars: the agricultural field day. In examining the field day, we find that its orientation—that is, toward either the conventional (...)
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  • How Politics Deals with Expert Dissent: The Case of Ethics Councils.Wolfgang Menz & Alexander Bogner - 2010 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 35 (6):888-914.
    Over recent years, science and technology have been reassessed increasingly in ethical terms. Particularly for life science governance, ethics has become the dominant discourse. In the course of this ‘‘ethical turn’’ national ethics councils were set up throughout Europe and in the United States to advice politics in ethically controversial issues such as stem cell research and genetic testing. Ethics experts have become subject to traditional warnings against expertocracy: they are suspected to unduly influence political decision-making. However, any reliable ethics (...)
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  • Interactive Technology Assessment in the Real World: Dual Dynamics in an iTA Exercise on Genetically Modified Vines.Arie Rip, Pierre-Benoit Joly & Claire Marris - 2008 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 33 (1):77-100.
    Participatory Technology Assessment initiatives have usually been analyzed as if they existed in a social and political vacuum. This article analyzes the linkages that occur, in both directions, between the microcosm set up by a pTA exercise and the real world outside. This dual-dynamics perspective leads to a new way of understanding the function and significance of pTA initiatives. Rather than viewing them as a means to create the ideal conditions for real public debate, they are viewed here as an (...)
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  • Contradictions in the Last Mile: Suicide, Culture, and E-Agriculture in Rural India. [REVIEW]Glenn Davis Stone - 2011 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 36 (6):759-790.
    Despite its use to exemplify how the world is “flat,” India is in many ways “spiky.” Hyderabad is a prosperous hub of information–communication technology while its impoverished agricultural hinterland is best known for dysfunctional agriculture and farmer suicide. Based on the belief that a lack of knowledge and skill lay at the root of agrarian distress, the “e-Sagu” project aimed to leverage the city’s scientific expertise and ICT capability to aid cotton farmers. The project fit with a national surge of (...)
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  • Science and Power in Global Food Regulation: The Rise of the Codex Alimentarius.Douglas M. Bushey & David E. Winickoff - 2010 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 35 (3):356-381.
    The emergence of the global administrative sector and its new forms of knowledge production, expert rationality, and standardization, remains an understudied topic in science studies. Using a coproductionist theoretical framework, we argue tha the mutual construction of epistemic and legal authority across international organizations has been critical for constituting and stabilizing a global regime for the regulation of food safety. The authors demonstrate how this process has also given rise to an authoritative framework for risk analysis touted as ‘‘scientifically rigorous’’ (...)
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  • Latin American Decolonial Social Studies of Scientific Knowledge: Alliances and Tensions.Sandra Harding - 2016 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 41 (6):1063-1087.
    A distinctive form of anticolonial analysis has been emerging from Latin America in recent decades. This decolonial theory argues that important new insights about modernity, its politics, and epistemology become visible if one starts off thinking about them from the experiences of those colonized by the Spanish and Portuguese in the Americas. For the decolonial theorists, European colonialism in the Americas, on the one hand, and modernity and capitalism in Europe, on the other hand, coproduced and coconstituted each other. The (...)
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  • A Democracy Paradox in Studies of Science and Technology.Silke Beck, Roger Pielke & Eva Lövbrand - 2011 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 36 (4):474-496.
    Today many scholars seem to agree that citizens should be involved in expert deliberations on science and technology issues. This interest in public deliberation has gained attraction in many practical settings, especially in the European Union, and holds the promise of more legitimate governance of science and technology. In this article, the authors draw on the European Commission’s report ‘‘Taking the European Knowledge Society Seriously’’ to ask how legitimate these efforts to ‘‘democratize’’ scientific expertise really are. While the report borrows (...)
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  • The World’s Not Ready for This: Globalizing Selective Technologies.Lauren Jade Martin - 2014 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 39 (3):432-455.
    The United States has become an ideal marketplace for those seeking selective technologies that are illegal, inaccessible, or unavailable in their own countries. Specifically, technologies such as commercial egg donation, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and sex selection are prohibited or highly regulated in many nations, but remain legal and largely unregulated in the United States. Based on in-depth interviews with US fertility industry providers, including physicians and egg donor and surrogate brokers, this article analyzes how the ideologies of genetic determinism and (...)
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  • Coming to Terms with Biomedical Technologies in Different Technopolitical Cultures: A Comparative Analysis of Focus Groups on Organ Transplantation and Genetic Testing in Austria, France, and the Netherlands.Peter Winkler, Maximilian Fochler & Ulrike Felt - 2010 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 35 (4):525-553.
    In this comparative analysis of twelve focus groups conducted in Austria, France, and the Netherlands, we investigate how lay people come to terms with two biomedical technologies. Using the term ‘‘technopolitical culture,’’ we aim to show that the ways in which technosciences are interwoven with a specific society frame how citizens build their individual and collective positions toward them. We investigate how the focus group participants conceptualized organ transplantation and genetic testing, their perceptions of individual agency in relation to the (...)
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  • Bioethics and the Global Moral Economy: The Cultural Politics of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Science.Charlotte Salter & Brian Salter - 2007 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 32 (5):554-581.
    The global development of human embryonic stem cell science and its therapeutic applications are dependent on the nature of its engagement at national and international levels with key cultural values and beliefs concerning the moral status of the early human embryo. This article argues that the political need to reconcile the promise of new health technologies with the cultural costs of scientific advance, dependent in this case on the use of the human embryo, has been met by the evolution of (...)
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  • Reflections on Reflexive Engagement: Response to Nowotny and Wynne.Andrew Webster - 2007 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 32 (5):608-615.
    This short article provides a response to Nowotny and Wynne's commentary on an earlier article by the author that examined the relation between science and technology studies and science policy. The article offers a reply with respect to understanding the domain of science policy; how Nowotny and Wynne seek to broaden the scope and so critical leverage of STS beyond the “policy room”; and the implications this has for the ways in which an STS/non-sts nexus might be configured in the (...)
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  • Virtual, visible, and actionable: Data assemblages and the sightlines of justice.Sheila Jasanoff - 2017 - Big Data and Society 4 (2).
    This paper explores the politics of representing events in the world in the form of data points, data sets, or data associations. Data collection involves an act of seeing and recording something that was previously hidden and possibly unnamed. The incidences included in a data set are not random or unrelated but stand for coherent, classifiable phenomena in the world. Moreover, for data to have an impact on law and policy, such information must be seen as actionable, that is, the (...)
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  • Drinking Water Quality in Indian Water Policies, Laws, and Courtrooms: Understanding the Intersections of Science and Law in Developing Countries.Aviram Sharma - 2017 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 37 (1):45-56.
    Drinking water quality has drawn enormous attention from scientific communities, the industrial sector, and the common public in several countries during the last couple of decades. The scholarship in science and technology studies somehow overlooked this crucial domain. This article attempts to contribute to this gray area by exploring how drinking water quality is understood in Indian water policies, laws, and courtrooms. The article argues that water policies and laws in India were significantly shaped by international treaties and global environmental (...)
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  • Closing the Future: Environmental Research and the Management of Conflicting Future Value Orders.Erik Westholm & Jenny Andersson - 2019 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 44 (2):237-262.
    This paper examines a struggle over the future use of Nordic forests, which took place from 2009 to 2012 within a major research program, Future Forests—Sustainable Strategies under Uncertainty and Risk, organized and funded by Mistra, The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research. We explore the role of strategic environmental research in societal constructions of long-term challenges and future risks. Specifically, we draw attention to the role played by environmental research in the creation of future images that become dominant for (...)
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  • Remaking Participation in Science and Democracy.Matthew Kearnes & Jason Chilvers - 2020 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 45 (3):347-380.
    Over the past few decades, significant advances have been made in public engagement with, and the democratization of, science and technology. Despite notable successes, such developments have often struggled to enhance public trust, avert crises of expertise and democracy, and build more socially responsive and responsible science and innovation. A central reason for this is that mainstream approaches to public engagement harbor what we call “residual realist” assumptions about participation and publics. Recent coproductionist accounts in science and technology studies offer (...)
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  • DNA Testing for Family Reunification and the Limits of Biological Truth.Torsten H. Voigt & Catherine Lee - 2020 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 45 (3):430-454.
    As nation-states make greater efforts to regulate the flow of people on the move—refugees, economic migrants, and international travelers alike—advocates of DNA profiling technologies claim DNA testing provides a reliable and objective way of revealing a person’s true identity for immigration procedures. This article examines the use of DNA testing for family reunification in immigration cases in Finland, Germany, and the United States—the first transatlantic analysis of such cases—to explore the relationship between technology, the meaning of family, and immigration. Drawing (...)
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  • Bioconstitutional Imaginaries and the Comparative Politics of Genetic Self-knowledge.Sheila Jasanoff, Luca Marelli, Ingrid Metzler & J. Benjamin Hurlbut - 2020 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 45 (6):1087-1118.
    Genetic testing has become a vehicle through which basic constitutional relationships between citizens and the state are revisited, reaffirmed, or rearticulated. The interplay between the is of genetic knowledge and the ought of government unfolds in the context of diverse imaginaries of the forms of human well-being, freedom, and flourishing that states have a duty to support. This article examines how the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States governed testing for Alzheimer’s disease, and how they diverged in defining potential (...)
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  • Borderlands of Life: IVF Embryos and the Law in the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany.Ingrid Metzler & Sheila Jasanoff - 2020 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 45 (6):1001-1037.
    Human embryos produced in labs since the 1970s have generated layers of uncertainty for law and policy: ontological, moral, and administrative. Ontologically, these lab-made entities fall into a gray zone between life and not-yet-life. Should in vitro embryos be treated as inanimate matter, like abandoned postsurgical tissue, or as private property? Morally, should they exist largely outside of state control in the zone of free reproductive choice or should they be regarded as autonomous human lives and thus entitled to constitutional (...)
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  • Constitutionalism at the Nexus of Life and Law.Krishanu Saha, Sheila Jasanoff & J. Benjamin Hurlbut - 2020 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 45 (6):979-1000.
    This essay introduces a collection of articles gathered under the theme of “law, science, and constitutions of life.” Together, they explore how revolutions in notions of what biological life is are eliciting correspondingly revolutionary imaginations of how life should be governed. The central theoretical contribution of the collection is to further elaborate the concept of bioconstitutionalism, which draws attention to especially consequential forms of coproduction at the law–life nexus. This introduction offers a theoretical discussion of bioconstitutionalism. It explores the constitutional (...)
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  • (Re)Producing Cyborgs: Biomedicalizing Abortion through the Congressional Debate over Fetal Pain.Ashlyn Jaeger - 2019 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 44 (1):74-96.
    The scientific and political debate over whether a fetus can experience pain highlights a vital and controversial boundary for governance—the boundary of human life. I use the 2012 and 2013 US federal debates over twenty-week abortion bans to investigate how personhood is constructed in a society transformed by biomedical science and technology in the United States. Although those who support and oppose the bill take different stances on abortion regulation, each relies on biomedical knowledge and risk assessment to substantiate claims. (...)
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  • Ethical Controversies of Familial Searching: The Views of Stakeholders in the United Kingdom and in Poland.Helena Machado & Rafaela Granja - 2019 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 44 (6):1068-1092.
    Familial searching is a technology that detects genetic relatedness. The term is generally used to refer to searches conducted in criminal DNA databases to identify criminal suspects through their connection with relatives. Beyond criminal investigation purposes, familial searching might also be used for the identification of unknown bodies and missing persons. The United Kingdom and Poland are cases that illustrate the variability of familial searching meanings, uses, and regulations. In the United Kingdom, familial searching is regulated by exceptionality and is (...)
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  • The Developmental State and Public Participation: The Case of Energy Policy-making in Post–Fukushima Japan.Hiro Saito - 2021 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 46 (1):139-165.
    After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the Japanese government tried to democratize energy policy-making by introducing public participation. Over the course of its implementation, however, public participation came to be subordinated to expert committees as the primary mechanism of policy rationalization. The expert committees not only neutralized the results of public participation but also discounted the necessity of public participation itself. This trajectory of public participation, from its historic introduction to eventual collapse, can be fully explained only in reference to (...)
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  • Establishing a social licence for Financial Technology: Reflections on the role of the private sector in pursuing ethical data practices.Aad van Moorsel, Karen Elliott, Kovila Coopamootoo, Peter Carmichael, Ehsan Toreini & Mhairi Aitken - 2020 - Big Data and Society 7 (1).
    Current attention directed at ethical dimensions of data and Artificial Intelligence have led to increasing recognition of the need to secure and maintain public support for uses of people’s data. This is essential to establish a “Social Licence” for current and future practices. The notion of a “Social Licence” recognises that there can be meaningful differences between what is legally permissible and what is socially acceptable. Establishing a Social Licence entails public engagement to build relationships of trust and ensure that (...)
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  • Legal Governance in HTA: Environment, Health and Safety Issues / Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (EHSI/ELSI), the Ongoing Debate.Louise Bernier, Georges Auguste Legault, Charles Étiennel Bédard Daniel, Jean Pierre Béland, Christian A. Bellemare, Pierre Dagenais, Hubert Gagnon, Monelle Parent & Johane Patenaude - 2020 - Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique 3 (1):83-92.
    This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the law circumscribing the social role of Health Technology Assessment and gain insight into the reasons challenging the inclusion of ethics into HTA. We focused on a debate at the core of the perceived role of regulatory law in health technology development, namely: Environment, Health and Safety Issues vs Ethical, Legal and Social Issues that arose in technology governance. Data collection was based on a literature review and a case study analysis. (...)
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  • Technological Solutions and Contested Interpretations of Scientific Results: Risk Assessment of Diesel Emissions in the United States and in West Germany, 1977–1995.Christopher Neumaier - 2020 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 28 (4):547-588.
    This article traces the different classifications of diesel emissions either as “safe” or as “hazardous” in the US and in West Germany between 1977 and 1995. It argues that the environmental regulation of diesel emissions was a political threshold. It contributes to our general understanding of how politicians, environmental lobbyists, scientists, and engineers constructed the standards and norms that defined the “safe” limit of environmental pollutants. After discussing how diesel emissions came under review as a potential carcinogen, I will show (...)
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  • Review of “Reframing Rights: Bioconstitutionalism in the Genetic Age” byS. Jasanoff (ed.). [REVIEW]Atina Krajewska - 2013 - Life Sciences, Society and Policy 9 (1).
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  • Promising waste: biobanking, embryo research, and infrastructures of ethical efficiency.J. Benjamin Hurlbut - 2015 - Monash Bioethics Review 33 (4):301-324.
    Biobanks are custodial institutions that enhance the utility and value of biological materials by collecting and curating them. Their custodial functions tend to include ethical oversight and governance. This paper explores how biobanks increase the value of biological materials by standardizing routines of governance in order to engender “ethical efficiency.” Focusing in particular upon banking of human embryos for research, the article offers an historical account of how human embryos came to be “waste” available for use by researchers in the (...)
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  • Big Biology: Supersizing Science During the Emergence of the 21st Century.Niki Vermeulen - 2016 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 24 (2):195-223.
    ZusammenfassungIst Biologie das jüngste Mitglied in der Familie von Big Science? Die vermehrte Zusammenarbeit in der biologischen Forschung wurde in der Folge des Human Genome Project zwar zum Gegenstand hitziger Diskussionen, aber Debatten und Reflexionen blieben meist im Polemischen verhaftet und zeigten eine begrenzte Wertschätzung für die Vielfalt und Erklärungskraft des Konzepts von Big Science. Zur gleichen Zeit haben Wissenschafts- und Technikforscher/innen in ihren Beschreibungen des Wandels der Forschungslandschaft die Verwendung des Begriffs Big Science gemieden. Dieser interdisziplinäre Artikel kombiniert eine (...)
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  • Risk assessment of genetically modified food and neoliberalism: An argument for democratizing the regulatory review protocol of the Food and Drug Administration.Zahra Meghani - 2014 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 27 (6):967–989.
    The primary responsibility of the US Food and Drug Administration is to protect public health by ensuring the safety of the food supply. To that end, it sometimes conducts risk assessments of novel food products, such as genetically modified food. The FDA describes its regulatory review of GM food as a purely scientific activity, untainted by any normative considerations. This paper provides evidence that the regulatory agency is not justified in making that claim. It is argued that the FDA’s policy (...)
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  • Make Way for the Robots! Human- and Machine-Centricity in Constituting a European Public–Private Partnership.Kjetil Rommetveit, Niels van Dijk & Kristrún Gunnarsdóttir - 2020 - Minerva 58 (1):47-69.
    This article is an analytic register of recent European efforts in the making of ‘autonomous’ robots to address what is imagined as Europe’s societal challenges. The paper describes how an emerging techno-epistemic network stretches across industry, science, policy and law to legitimize and enact a robotics innovation agenda. Roadmap is the main metaphor and organizing tool in working across the disciplines and sectors, and in aligning these heterogeneous actors with a machine-centric vision along a path to make way for ‘new (...)
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  • NGO perspectives on the social and ethical dimensions of plant genome-editing.Richard Helliwell, Sarah Hartley & Warren Pearce - 2019 - Agriculture and Human Values 36 (4):779-791.
    Plant genome editing has the potential to become another chapter in the intractable debate that has dogged agricultural biotechnology. In 2016, 107 Nobel Laureates accused Greenpeace of emotional and dogmatic campaigning against agricultural biotechnology and called for governments to defy such campaigning. The Laureates invoke the authority of science to argue that Greenpeace is putting lives at risk by opposing agricultural biotechnology and Golden Rice and is notable in framing Greenpeace as unethical and its views as marginal. This paper examines (...)
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  • Nation-Building and the Governance of Emerging Technologies: the Case of Nanotechnology in India.Koen Beumer - 2019 - NanoEthics 13 (1):5-19.
    Emerging technologies like nanotechnologies are governed in different ways around the world. This article draws attention to an important element that can help to explain the emergence of this diversity in governance practices: the role of nanotechnology in nation-building. By investigating the relation between nanotechnology and the nation in India, the article demonstrates that various particularities of the Indian governance of nanotechnology can be explained by the relation between science, technology, and nation-building. The article discusses four instances in which the (...)
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  • Stress-Testing Europe: Normalizing the Post-Fukushima Crisis.Başak Saraç-Lesavre & Brice Laurent - 2019 - Minerva 57 (2):239-260.
    The Fukushima accident was a crisis in Japan, and a crisis elsewhere. In Europe, the aftermath of Fukushima was a period of intense questioning, about how to ensure the safety of nuclear reactors, and how, at the same time, ensure the ability of the European Union to act as a consistent political actor in the face of potentially catastrophic risks. Using empirical material related to the post-Fukushima stress tests and the subsequent discussions about the European regulatory framework for nuclear safety, (...)
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  • The Bermuda Triangle: The Pragmatics, Policies, and Principles for Data Sharing in the History of the Human Genome Project.Kathryn Maxson Jones, Rachel A. Ankeny & Robert Cook-Deegan - 2018 - Journal of the History of Biology 51 (4):693-805.
    The Bermuda Principles for DNA sequence data sharing are an enduring legacy of the Human Genome Project. They were adopted by the HGP at a strategy meeting in Bermuda in February of 1996 and implemented in formal policies by early 1998, mandating daily release of HGP-funded DNA sequences into the public domain. The idea of daily sharing, we argue, emanated directly from strategies for large, goal-directed molecular biology projects first tested within the “community” of C. elegans researchers, and were introduced (...)
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  • How to do things with metaphors: engineering life as hodgepodge.Matthew Kearnes, Declan Kuch & Angus Johnston - 2018 - Life Sciences, Society and Policy 14 (1):1-17.
    This paper presents a collaboration between social scientists and a chemist exploring the promises for new therapy development at the intersection between synthetic biology and nanotechnology. Drawing from ethnographic studies of laboratories and a recorded discussion between the three authors, we interrogate the metaphors that underpin what Mackenzie has identified as a recursive relationship in the iconography of the life sciences and its infrastructure. Focusing specifically on the use of gene editing techniques in synthetic biology and bio-nanotechnology, we focus our (...)
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