En el presente trabajo, abordamos la obra de Friedrich Nietzsche con el objeto de analizar el modo en que su temprana crítica a las instituciones educativas alemanas y, específicamente, a la filosofía universitaria de su tiempo deriva de manera progresiva en los esbozos de una concepción tardía de la filosofía, fundada en la vida misma como medio de conocimiento a través del “experimento”. El diagnóstico nietzscheano es crítico y su resolución, un gran desafío para los futuros pensadores, a quienes les (...) demanda vivir experimentalmente sus palabras más allá de los libros. La cultura del ensayo emerge como horizonte final para esta praxis filosófico-experimental. (shrink)

This study considers the origins and characteristics of Karl Jaspers’ biographical approach. Specifically, we analyse how this approach manifests itself in Jaspers’ work, namely, in his understanding of psychology, his psychology of worldviews, his views on the history of philosophy and his philosophical method. The biographical approach was a central strategy in Jaspers’ work as an appeal to life and was closely linked with how Jaspers understood both philosophy and his thought. For Jaspers, biography could restore mental unity and reveal (...) the existence behind creativity. (shrink)

In an unpublished text from the early postwar period, Georges Canguilhem deals with Nietzsche’s maxim “Become who you are!” Is this “apparently contradictory formula of a philosopher full of contradictions” really only seemingly inconsistent? Canguilhem regards it as a norm whose supposed metaphysical or objective content dissolves upon further analysis. So he here discerns a new instance of the same potential confusion he had already addressed in his classical essay on The Normal and the Pathological (1943). According to him, the (...) formula “become who you are!” must not be misunderstood in a naturalistic sense, a tendency from which not even Nietzsche himself, Canguilhem thinks, was entirely free. Besides the French philosophy of his time, his philosophical inquiry into “Become who you are!” critically engages two classic German Nietzsche scholars, Ernst Bertram and Karl Jaspers, as well as the French interpreters of the latter’s philosophy of Existenz, Mikel Dufrenne and Paul Ricœur. Finally, the paper highlights Nietzsche’s specific importance for Canguilhem and the ambivalence in his privileged relationship to the German thinker. (shrink)

Tarih felsefeleri bağlamında düşünüldüğünde Hegel ve Nietzsche felsefeleri birbirine zıttır. Hegel için tarih, tin’in kendini açımladığı bir süreçtir. Bu süreçte us, tarihsel kişiliklerin istenç, tutku ve arzularını kendi amacını gerçekleştirmek için kullanır. Nietzsche’nin tarih görüşü ise tıpkı diğer görüşleri gibi tek bir amaca hizmet ediyormuş gibi görünmektedir. Bu da; yaşamı geliştirmek için etkin istencin önünün açılması ve bu sayede üstinsana varmak olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da her iki filozofun tarih görüşlerini ele almakla birlikte tarihi yaratmada büyük kişiliklerin rolünü ortaya (...) koymak olacaktır. Böylece her iki filozofun tarih görüşlerindeki farklar ortaya çıkacaktır. (shrink)