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  1. Difficulty limits of visual mental imagery.Cristina R. Ceja & Steven L. Franconeri - 2023 - Cognition 236 (C):105436.
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  • Scene-based and viewer-centered representations for comparing shapes.G. Hinton - 1988 - Cognition 30 (1):1-35.
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  • Value encoding of patterns and variable encoding of transformations?John C. Baird - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):91-92.
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  • Connectionist value units: Some concerns.John A. Barnden - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):92-93.
    This paper is a commentary on the target article by Dana H. Ballard, “Cortical connections and parallel processing: Structure and function”, in the same issue of the journal, pp. 67–120. -/- I raise some issues about the connectionist or neural-network implementation of information and information processing. Issues include the sharing of information by different parts of a connectionist/neural network, the copying of complex information from one place to another in a network, the possibility of connection weights not being synaptic weights, (...)
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  • Sex-related differences in precocious mathematical reasoning ability: Not illusory, not easily explained.Camilla Persson Benbow - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):217-232.
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  • Neuroanatomical sex differences: Of no consequence for cognition?Sandra F. Witelson - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):215-217.
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  • Mathematics as male pathology.John Money - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):205-206.
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  • Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability: Let me count the ways.Diane F. Halpern - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):191-192.
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  • Arithmetic and old lace.Jeffrey Foss - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):252-253.
    Geary's project faces the severe methodological difficulty of tracing the biological effects of gender on mathematical ability in a system that is massively open. Two methodological stratagems he uses are considered. The first is that pancultural sex differences are biological in nature, which is dubious in the domain of mathematics, since it is completely culture-bound. The second is that sociosexual differences are partly caused by biosexual differences, which renders his thesis unfalsifiable and empirically empty.
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  • Mary has more: Sex differences, autism, coherence, and theory of mind.Uta Frith & Francesca Happé - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):253-254.
    We challenge the notion that differences in spatial ability are the best or only explanation for observed sex differences in mathematical word problems. We suggest two ideas from the study of autism: sex differences in theory of mind and in central coherence.
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  • Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities.David C. Geary - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):229-247.
    The principles of sexual selection were used as an organizing framework for interpreting cross-national patterns of sex differences in mathematical abilities. Cross-national studies suggest that there are no sex differences in biologically primary mathematical abilities, that is, for those mathematical abilities that are found in all cultures as well as in nonhuman primates, and show moderate heritability estimates. Sex differences in several biologically secondary mathematical domains are found throughout the industrialized world. In particular, males consistently outperform females in the solving (...)
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  • CaMeRa: A Computational Model of Multiple Representations.Hermina J. M. Tabachneck-Schijf, Anthony M. Leonardo & Herbert A. Simon - 1997 - Cognitive Science 21 (3):305-350.
    This research aims to clarify, by constructing and testing a computer simulation, the use of multiple representations in problem solving, focusing on their role in visual reasoning. The model is motivated by extensive experimental evidence in the literature for the features it incorporates, but this article focuses on the system's structure. We illustrate the model's behavior by simulating the cognitive and perceptual processes of an economics expert as he teaches some well‐learned economics principles while drawing a graph on a blackboard. (...)
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  • What one intelligence test measures: A theoretical account of the processing in the Raven Progressive Matrices Test.Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel A. Just & Peter Shell - 1990 - Psychological Review 97 (3):404-431.
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  • Nature/nurture in male/female mathematical giftedness.Nora Newcombe & Mary Ann Baenninger - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):206-206.
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  • Evaluating explanations of sex differences in mathematical reasoning scores.Robert Rosenthal - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):207-208.
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  • The logic of the sociobiological model Geary-style.Diane Proudfoot - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):261-261.
    Geary's is the traditional view of the sexes. Yet each part of his argument – the move from sex differences in spatial ability and social preferences to a sex difference in mathematical ability, the claim that the former are biologically primary, and the sociobiological explanation of these differences – requires considerable further work. The notion of a biologically secondary ability is itself problematic.
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  • Differences in male and female cognitive abilities: Sexual selection or division of labor?Michael T. Ghiselin - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):254-255.
    In Darwinian terminology, “sexual selection” refers to purely reproductive competition and is conceptually distinct from natural selection as it affects reproduction generally. As natural selection may favor the evolution of sexual dimorphism by virtue of the division of labor between males and females, this possibility needs to be taken very seriously.
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  • Still far too sexy a topic.Susan F. Chipman - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):248-249.
    Geary is highly selective in his use of the literature on gender differences. His assumption of consistent female inferiority in mathematics is not necessarily supported by the facts.
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  • Invariant and programmable neuropsychological systems are fibrations.William C. Hoffman - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):99-100.
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  • Cortical connections and parallel processing: Structure and function.Dana H. Ballard - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):67-90.
    The cerebral cortex is a rich and diverse structure that is the basis of intelligent behavior. One of the deepest mysteries of the function of cortex is that neural processing times are only about one hundred times as fast as the fastest response times for complex behavior. At the very least, this would seem to indicate that the cortex does massive amounts of parallel computation.This paper explores the hypothesis that an important part of the cortex can be modeled as a (...)
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  • The male/female difference is there: Should we care?Robert J. Steinberg - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):210-211.
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  • Causes of mathematical giftedness: Beware of left-handed compliments.Curtis Hardyck - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):192-193.
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  • Sex, brain, and learning differences in rats.Victor H. Denenberg, Albert S. Berrebi & Roslyn H. Fitch - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):188-189.
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  • Boys and girls and mathematics: What is the difference?Lois Bloom - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):185-185.
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  • Computational neuroscience.Terrence J. Sejnowski - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):104-105.
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  • What does the cortex do?Mriganka Sur - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):105-105.
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  • Rival hypotheses about sex differences in mathematics: Problems and possibilities.Carol J. Mills - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):204-205.
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  • Sex differences in mathematics: Is there any news here?Lila Ghent Braine - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):185-186.
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  • Spatial visualization and sex-related differences in mathematical problem solving.Julia A. Sherman - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):262-263.
    Spatial visualization as a key variable in sex-related differences in mathematical problem solving and spatial aspects of geometry is traced to the 1960s. More recent relevant data are presented. The variability debate is traced to the latter part of the nineteenth century and an explanation for it is suggested. An idea is presented for further research to clarify sex-related brain laterality differences in solving spatial problems.
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  • Abstract solutions versus neurobiologically plausible problems.Jeffrey Foss - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):95-96.
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  • Spatial Cognition Through the Keyhole: How Studying a Real-World Domain Can Inform Basic Science—and Vice Versa.Madeleine Keehner - 2011 - Topics in Cognitive Science 3 (4):632-647.
    This paper discusses spatial cognition in the domain of minimally invasive surgery. It draws on studies from this domain to shed light on a range of spatial cognitive processes and to consider individual differences in performance. In relation to modeling, the aim is to identify potential opportunities for characterizing the complex interplay between perception, action, and cognition, and to consider how theoretical models of the relevant processes might prove valuable for addressing applied questions about surgical performance and training.
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  • Slower but more accurate mental rotation performance in aphantasia linked to differences in cognitive strategies.Lachlan Kay, Rebecca Keogh & Joel Pearson - 2024 - Consciousness and Cognition 121 (C):103694.
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  • Value, variable, and coarse coding by posterior parietal neurons.Richard A. Andersen - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):90-91.
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  • Brain metaphors, theories, and facts.Stephen Grossberg - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):97-98.
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  • Sex differences in mathematics: Why the fuss?Lionel Tiger - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):212-212.
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  • Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability: Causes, consequences, and variability.Brian Mackenzie - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):201-202.
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  • A variety of brains?Richard A. Harshman - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):193-194.
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  • Sex differences in variability may be more important than sex differences in means.Lloyd G. Humphreys - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):195-196.
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  • Sex differences in arithmetic computation and reasoning in prepubertal boys and girls.Arthur R. Jensen - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):198-199.
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  • The new math: Is XY ≥ XX?Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic & Ann S. Clark - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):191-191.
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  • The effects of selection and variability in studies of gender differences.Betsy Jane Backer & Larry V. Hedges - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):183-184.
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  • Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents: Their nature, effects, and possible causes.Camilla Persson Benbow - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):169-183.
    Several hundred thousand intellectually talented 12-to 13-year-olds have been tested nationwide over the past 16 years with the mathematics and verbal sections of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Although no sex differences in verbal ability have been found, there have been consistent sex differences favoring males in mathematical reasoning ability, as measured by the mathematics section of the SAT (SAT-M). These differences are most pronounced at the highest levels of mathematical reasoning, they are stable over time, and they are observed (...)
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  • The plasticity of the human brain and human potential.Ruth Bleier - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):184-185.
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  • The twain shall meet: Uniting the analysis of sex differences and within-sex variation.David C. Rowe - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):262-262.
    Spatial and mathematical abilities may be “sex-limited” traits. A sex-limited trait has the same determinants of variation within the sexes, but the genetic or environmental effects would be differentially expressed in males and females. New advances in structural equation modeling allow means and variation to be estimated simultaneously. When these statistical methods are combined with a genetically informative research design, it should be possible to demonstrate that the genes influencing spatial and mathematical abilities are sex-limited in their expression. This approach (...)
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  • Brain differences, anthropological stories, and educational implications.Christy Hammer & R. Valentine Dusek - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (2):257-257.
    Criticism of sex differences in mathematical ability and sex roles in sociobiology and the pernicious influence of these ideas on education.
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  • What Am I Looking at? Interpreting Dynamic and Static Gaze Displays.Margot van Wermeskerken, Damien Litchfield & Tamara van Gog - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (1):220-252.
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  • Cortical architectures and value unit encoding.Charles D. Gilbert - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):96-97.
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  • Bias and sampling error in sex difference research.Douglas Wahlsten - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):214-214.
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  • Hormones and sexual differentiation.Heidi H. Swanson - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):211-212.
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  • Could these sex differences be due to genes?Steven G. Vandenberg - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):212-214.
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