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  1. Incommensurables and Incomparables: On the Conceptual Status and the Philosophical Use of Hyperreal Numbers.Michael White - 1999 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 40 (3):420-446.
    After briefly considering the ancient Greek and nineteenth-century history of incommensurables (magnitudes that do not have a common aliquot part) and incomparables (magnitudes such that the larger can never be surpassed by any finite number of additions of the smaller to itself), this paper undertakes two tasks. The first task is to consider whether the numerical accommodation of incommensurables by means of the extension of the ordered field of rational numbers to the field of reals is `similar' or analogous to (...)
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  • Internal Approach to External Sets and Universes: Part 3: Partially Saturated Universes.Vladimir Kanovei & Michael Reeken - 1996 - Studia Logica 56 (3):293-322.
    In this article ‡ we show how the universe of HST, Hrbaček set theory admits a system of subuniverses which keep the Replacement, model Power set and Choice, and also keep as much of Saturation as it is necessary. This gives sufficient tools to develop the most complicated topics in nonstandard analysis, such as Loeb measures.
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  • Isomorphism property in nonstandard extensions of theZFC universe.Vladimir Kanovei & Michael Reeken - 1997 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 88 (1):1-25.
    We study models of HST . This theory admits an adequate formulation of the isomorphism propertyIP, which postulates that any two elementarily equivalent internally presented structures of a well-orderable language are isomorphic. We prove that IP is independent of HST and consistent with HST.
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  • A theory of hyperfinite sets.P. V. Andreev & E. I. Gordon - 2006 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 143 (1-3):3-19.
    We develop an axiomatic set theory — the Theory of Hyperfinite Sets THS— which is based on the idea of the existence of proper subclasses of large finite sets. We demonstrate how theorems of classical continuous mathematics can be transfered to THS, prove consistency of THS, and present some applications.
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  • Elementary extensions of external classes in a nonstandard universe.Vladimir Kanovei & Michael Reeken - 1998 - Studia Logica 60 (2):253-273.
    In continuation of our study of HST, Hrbaek set theory (a nonstandard set theory which includes, in particular, the ZFC Replacement and Separation schemata in the st--language, and Saturation for well-orderable families of internal sets), we consider the problem of existence of elementary extensions of inner "external" subclasses of the HST universe.We show that, given a standard cardinal , any set R * generates an "internal" class S(R) of all sets standard relatively to elements of R, and an "external" class (...)
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  • A definable nonstandard enlargement.Frederik Herzberg - 2008 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 54 (2):167-175.
    This article establishes the existence of a definable , countably saturated nonstandard enlargement of the superstructure over the reals. This nonstandard universe is obtained as the union of an inductive chain of bounded ultrapowers . The underlying ultrafilter is the one constructed by Kanovei and Shelah [10].
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  • Extending standard models of ZFC to models of nonstandard set theories.Vladimir Kanovei & Michael Reeken - 2000 - Studia Logica 64 (1):37-59.
    We study those models of ZFCwhich are embeddable, as the class of all standard sets, in a model of internal set theory >ISTor models of some other nonstandard set theories.
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  • Special Model Axiom in Nonstandard Set Theory.Vladimir Kanovei & Michael Reeken - 1999 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 45 (3):371-384.
    We demonstrate that the special model axiom SMA of Ross admits a natural formalization in Kawai's nonstandard set theory KST but is independent of KST. As an application of our methods to classical model theory, we present a short proof of the consistency of the existence of a k+ like k-saturated model of PA for a given cardinal k.
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  • (3 other versions)Internal approach to external sets and universes.Vladimir Kanovei & Michael Reeken - 1995 - Studia Logica 55 (2):347 - 376.
    In this article we show how the universe of BST, bounded set theory can be enlarged by definable subclasses of sets so that Separation and Replacement are true in the enlargement for all formulas, including those in which the standardness predicate may occur. Thus BST is strong enough to incorporate external sets in the internal universe in a way sufficient to develop topics in nonstandard analysis inaccessible in the framework of a purely internal approach, such as Loeb measures.
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