This study examined the performances of three groups of participants in interpreting metaphors in three different conditions: congruent gesture-prime conditions, opposite gesture-prime conditions, and no-prime conditions. In congruent gesture-prime conditions, each metaphor was preceded by the congruent gestural representation of metaphor schema. In opposite gesture-prime conditions, each metaphor was preceded by the opposite gestural representation of metaphor schema. The results showed that participants of congruent gesture-prime conditions had the best performance in interpreting metaphors, while participants of opposite gesture-prime conditions had (...) the worst performance. It is suggested that metaphor schema is an important part of metaphorical meaning of a metaphor. Therefore, when this part of meaning is activated by a gestural prime, metaphor comprehension is facilitated. Furthermore, when a schema is used to metaphorically describe a concept or an event, that schema and the neural network that represents it become one part of a larger interconnected neural network that represents the meaning of the metaphor. It could mean that the activation of one part of it could facilitate the activation of the whole of the network. Finally, it is emphasized that a gesture that depicts the schema of a metaphor is in fact the embodied realization of that metaphor. (shrink)

La linguistique cognitive conçoit l’organisation du lexique et des constructions comme les traces de la conceptualisation de l’expérience du monde par le sujet parlant. Elle considère les structures langagières comme le reflet de structures conceptuelles sous-jacentes. Les schèmes-images font partie de ces structures. Les schèmes-images sont construits et abstraits à partir de l’expérience incorporée et socialement située du monde, ce qui leur confère à la fois une assise culturelle et sensori-motrice. Ces schèmes dits préconceptuels correspondent à des structures gestaltiques qui (...) facilitent l’appréhension du sujet aux dimensions de son expérience. L’objectif du présent article consiste à retracer les conditions d’élaboration du schème du chemin en tenant compte de la dimension kinesthésique de son développement. La quête épistémologique du concept-même de « schème-image » permettra d'aborder avec plus de justesse la structuration linguistique de l'expérience vécue du schème du chemin, dont ressort la spatialité comme guide mais surtout comme contrainte et base de conceptualisations multiples de l’organisme cognitif. Par ailleurs, cette étude tentera d'assigner une structuration prépositionnelle au schème-image du chemin à partir de micro-analyses d’exemples issus d’un recueil de 500 occurrences. (shrink)

In this paper I will analyse the relationship between metaphor and imagination. This issue has been recently studied by cognitive linguists who appreciate its importance, while other semantic perspectives neglect it. I will analyse the thesis which affirms that metaphors are based on cognitive components which are not logical-propositional but imaginative: the “image schemata” are recurrent models of corporeal experiences, centres of knowledge organization which structure – in a non-propositional form – an amount of salient information. This information emerges from (...) the sensorimotor activities such as: manipulation of objects, spatial orientation and focusing perceptive attention on different goals. According to this theory, imagination is the drive of the entire cognitive experience and, through metaphorical projection, it activates and coordinates the schemata from which the very linguistic activity originates. Starting with empirical studies about the cognitive and neurobiological plausibility of image schemata, I will assert the function of imagination as the trait d’union between experience and cognitive use of the metaphor, through the use of sensory and synesthetic metaphors as mediators among perceptive, physical and linguistic dimensions. I hope future research will concentrate on the relationship between synesthesia and image schemata because of their strong connection with human perceptive, cognitive and neural structures. (shrink)