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  1. Certainties and the Bedrock of Moral Reasoning: Three Ways the Spade Turns.Konstantin Deininger & Herwig Grimm - 2024 - Analytic Philosophy.
    n this paper, we identify and explain three kinds of bedrock in moral thought. The term "bedrock," as introduced by Wittgenstein in §217 of the Philosophical Investigations, stands for the end of a chain of reasoning. We affirm that some chains of moral reasoning do indeed end with certainty. However, different kinds of certainties in morality work in different ways. In the course of systematizing the different types of certainties, we argue that present accounts of certainties in morality do not (...)
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  • Some concerns about the idea of basic moral certainty: A critical response to Samuel Laves.Jordi Fairhurst - 2023 - Philosophical Investigations 47 (1):119-136.
    Pleasants has developed the idea of basic moral certainties. Analogous to Wittgenstein's basic empirical certainties, they are best described as universal moral certainties which are natural and nonpropositional, and show unreflectively in the way we act. A clear-cut example is the wrongness of killing innocent human beings. Philosophers have levelled three damaging criticisms against Pleasants' proposal by (i) offering counterexamples to his proposed example of moral certainty, (ii) highlighting some disanalogies between moral certainties and Wittgenstein's basic empirical certainties and, lastly, (...)
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  • Resisting Moral Conservatism with Difficulties of Reality: a Wittgensteinian-Diamondian Approach to Animal Ethics.Konstantin Deininger, Andreas Aigner & Herwig Grimm - 2024 - Journal of Value Inquiry 58 (3):495-513.
    In this paper, we tackle the widely held view that practice-oriented approaches to ethics are conservative, preserving the moral status quo, and, in particular, that they do not promote any (fundamental) change in our dealings with animals or formulate clear principles that help us to achieve such change. We shall challenge this view with reference to Wittgensteinian ethics. As a first step, we show that moral thought and action rest on basic moral certainties like: equals are to be treated equally (...)
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  • Why the Wrongness of Killing Innocent, Non‐threatening People is a Universal Moral Certainty.Samuel Laves - 2021 - Philosophical Investigations 45 (1):77-90.
    Philosophical Investigations, Volume 45, Issue 1, Page 77-90, January 2022.
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  • "Moral Certainty", One Concept, Several Perspectives; Evaluation of Two Relative and Absolute Approaches about "Moral Certainty" Based on Wittgenstein's On Certainty.Mohammad Saeed Abdollahi - 2024 - Journal of Philosophical Investigations 18 (46):13-29.
    One of the important ethical concepts that has occupied the minds of many philosophers in the past years is the concept of "moral certainty". This means whether there are moral propositions that are so certain that no doubt or argument or evidence can face them. According to some philosophers, for example, the statement "the wrongness of killing innocent people" brings us such moral certainty. Among the philosophers who have written in this field, two basic readings of Nigel Pleasants and Michael (...)
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