Many philosophers posit abstract entities – where something is abstract if it is acausal and lacks spatio-temporal location. Theories, types, characteristics, meanings, values and responsibilities are all good candidates for abstractness. Such things raise an epistemological puzzle: if they are abstract, then how can we have any epistemic access to how they are? If they are invisible, intangible and never make anything happen, then how can we ever discover anything about them? In this article, I critically examine epistemological objections to (...) belief in abstract objects offered by Paul Benacerraf, Colin Cheyne and Hartry Field. (shrink)

Ante rem structuralism is the doctnne that mathematics descubes a realm of abstract (structural) universab. According to its proponents, appeal to the exutence of these universab provides a source distinctive insight into the epistemology of mathematics, in particular insight into the so-called 'access problem' of explaining how mathematicians can reliably access truths about an abstract realm to which they cannot travel andfiom which they recave no signab. Stewart Shapiro offers the most developed version of this view to date. Through an (...) examination of Shapiro's proposed structuralist epistemology for mathematics I argue that ante rem structuralism faib to provide the ingredients for a satisfactory resolution of the access problem for infinite structures (whether small or large). (shrink)

The debate over whether we should believe that mathematical objects exist quickly leads to the question of how to determine what we should believe. Indispensabilists claim that we should believe in the existence of mathematical objects because of their ineliminable roles in scientific theory. Eleatics argue that only objects with causal properties exist. Mark Colyvan’s recent defenses of Quine’s indispensability argument against some contemporary eleatics attempt to provide reasons to favor the indispensabilist’s criterion. I show that Colyvan’s argument is not (...) decisive against the eleatic and sketch a way to capture the important intuitions behind both views. (shrink)

De acordo com o estruturalismo matemático, a matemática não consiste no estudo de objetos matemáticos, mas de estruturas. Ao afastar-se dos objetos, o estruturalista reivindica uma posição que lhe permite resolver o problema do “acesso”: é possível explicar a possibilidade do conhecimento matemático sem exigir qualquer acesso aos objetos em questão. Fraser MacBride criticou a resposta estruturalista, argumentando que esta enfrenta um dilema na tentativa de resolver o problema em apreço. Neste artigo, argumento que o dilema de MacBride pode ser (...) resistido e que, especialmente na versão articulada por Michael Resnik, o estruturalismo pode resolver o problema do “acesso”. Mostro exatamente como o dilema de MacBride falha, argumentando que esta falha nos fornece uma oportunidade para destacar uma característica importante do estruturalismo, a saber: a maneira pela qual ele articula uma imagem fundamentalmente diferente da epistemologia matemática com relação àquela sugerida pela epistemologia tradicional. (shrink)