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  1. “Benefit to the World” and “Heaven’s Intent”: The Prospective and Retrospective Aspects of the Mohist Criterion for Rightness.Bradford Jean-Hyuk Kim - 2024 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 23 (2).
    “Benefit to the world” and “Heaven’s intent” are not, as is often assumed, separate criteria for action in Mozi’s 墨子 ethics; they are the same in extension but not intension. When Mozi speaks in terms of “Heaven’s intent,” it is to highlight the criterion’s retrospective orientation and its scope; taking a cue from Heaven’s reactions to past deeds, agents specify the scope of “the world” by reference to the past performance of persons regarding benefit to the world. This diverges from (...)
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