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Evolution–natural and artificial

John Maynard Smith

In Margaret A. Boden (ed.), The philosophy of artificial life. New York: Oxford University Press (1996)

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Emergence and adaptation.Philippe Huneman - 2008 - Minds and Machines 18 (4):493-520.details I investigate the relationship between adaptation, as defined in evolutionary theory through natural selection, and the concept of emergence. I argue that there is an essential correlation between the former, and “emergence” defined in the field of algorithmic simulations. I first show that the computational concept of emergence (in terms of incompressible simulation) can be correlated with a causal criterion of emergence (in terms of the specificity of the explanation of global patterns). On this ground, I argue that emergence in (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 9 citations
Is metabolism necessary?M. A. Boden - 1999 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 50 (2):231-248.details Metabolism is a criterion of life. Three senses are distinguished. The weakest allows strong A-Life: virtual creatures having physical existence in computer electronics, but not bodies, are classes as 'alive'. The second excludes strong A-Life but allows that some non-biochemical A-Life robots could be classed as alive. The third, which stresses the body's self-production by energy budgeting and self-equilibrating energy exchanges of some (necessary) complexity, excludes both strong A-Life and living non-biochemical robots. Download Export citation Bookmark 30 citations

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