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  1. Peirce and Łukasiewicz on modal and multi-valued logics.Jon Alan Schmidt - 2022 - Synthese 200 (4):1-18.
    Charles Peirce incorporates modality into his Existential Graphs by introducing the broken cut for possible falsity. Although it can be adapted to various modern modal logics, Zeman demonstrates that making no other changes results in a version that he calls Gamma-MR, an implementation of Jan Łukasiewicz's four-valued Ł-modal system. It disallows the assertion of necessity, reflecting a denial of determinism, and has theorems involving possibility that seem counterintuitive at first glance. However, the latter is a misconception that arises from overlooking (...)
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  • A companion to Brady's 4-valued relevant logic BN4: The 4-valued logic of entailment E4.Gemma Robles & José M. Méndez - 2016 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 24 (5).
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  • Strengthening Brady’s Paraconsistent 4-Valued Logic BN4 with Truth-Functional Modal Operators.José M. Méndez & Gemma Robles - 2016 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 25 (2):163-189.
    Łukasiewicz presented two different analyses of modal notions by means of many-valued logics: the linearly ordered systems Ł3,..., Open image in new window,..., \; the 4-valued logic Ł he defined in the last years of his career. Unfortunately, all these systems contain “Łukasiewicz type paradoxes”. On the other hand, Brady’s 4-valued logic BN4 is the basic 4-valued bilattice logic. The aim of this paper is to show that BN4 can be strengthened with modal operators following Łukasiewicz’s strategy for defining truth-functional (...)
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  • The logic determined by Smiley’s matrix for Anderson and Belnap’s first-degree entailment logic.José M. Méndez & Gemma Robles - 2016 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 26 (1):47-68.
    The aim of this paper is to define the logical system Sm4 characterised by the degree of truth-preserving consequence relation defined on the ordered set of values of Smiley’s four-element matrix MSm4. The matrix MSm4 has been of considerable importance in the development of relevant logics and it is at the origin of bilattice logics. It will be shown that Sm4 is a most interesting paraconsistent logic which encloses a sound theory of logical necessity similar to that of Anderson and (...)
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  • A Strong and Rich 4-Valued Modal Logic Without Łukasiewicz-Type Paradoxes.José M. Méndez & Gemma Robles - 2015 - Logica Universalis 9 (4):501-522.
    The aim of this paper is to introduce an alternative to Łukasiewicz’s 4-valued modal logic Ł. As it is known, Ł is afflicted by “Łukasiewicz type paradoxes”. The logic we define, PŁ4, is a strong paraconsistent and paracomplete 4-valued modal logic free from this type of paradoxes. PŁ4 is determined by the degree of truth-preserving consequence relation defined on the ordered set of values of a modification of the matrix MŁ characteristic for the logic Ł. On the other hand, PŁ4 (...)
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