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  1. Dealing with Ethical Dilemmas: A Look at Financial Reporting by Firms Facing Product Harm Crises.Shafu Zhang, Like Jiang, Michel Magnan & Lixin Nancy Su - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 170 (3):497-518.
    A product harm crisis undermines a firm’s reputation as well as its managers’ career outlook. To shake off the stigmatization resulting from the PHC and regain a firm’s legitimacy among stakeholders, managers usually face an ethical dilemma as they choose to be transparent about the crisis’ financial implications or to obfuscate them to neutralize the negative impact of the PHC. We find evidence that managers engage in income-increasing earnings management when their firms experience PHCs. Moreover, while income-increasing earnings management in (...)
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  • Immoral Entrenchment: How Crisis Reverses the Ethical Effects of Moral Intensity.Miranda J. Welbourne Eleazar - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 180 (1):71-89.
    Moral intensity theory is used to explain how characteristics of moral issues affect ethical decision-making. According to moral intensity theory, individuals and firms will make more ethical decisions when moral intensity is present, such as greater negative consequences, including harm to customers. However, evidence suggests this does not always happen in crisis situations. For example, Fisher Price waited until 30 babies died before recalling its Rock’n Play Sleeper in 2019. In this article, the concept of immoral entrenchment is introduced to (...)
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