In the present paper, various features of the class of propositional literal paralogics are considered. Literal paralogics are logics in which the paraproperties such as paraconsistence, paracompleteness and paranormality, occur only at the level of literals; that is, formulas that are propositional letters or their iterated negations. We begin by analyzing Bochvar’s three-valued nonsense logic B3, which includes two isomorphs of the propositional classical logic CPC. The combination of these two ‘strong’ isomorphs leads to the construction of two famous paralogics (...) P1 and I1, which are functionally equivalent. Moreover, each of these logics is functionally equivalent to the fragment of logic B3 consisting of external formulas only. In conclusion, we structure a four-element lattice of three-valued paralogics with respect to the possession of paraproperties. (shrink)

Let MK3 I and MK3 II be Kleene's strong 3-valued matrix with only one and two designated values, respectively. Next, let MK3 G be defined exactly as MK3 I, except th...

The paper’s novelty is in combining two comparatively new fields of research: non-transitive logic and the proof method of correspondence analysis. To be more detailed, in this paper the latter is adapted to Weir’s non-transitive trivalent logic \({\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}\). As a result, for each binary extension of \({\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}\), we present a sound and complete Lemmon-style natural deduction system. Last, but not least, we stress the fact that Avron and his co-authors’ general method of obtaining _n_-sequent proof systems for any _n_-valent logic (...) with deterministic or non-deterministic matrices is not applicable to \({\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}\) and its binary extensions. (shrink)

The paper discusses functional properties of some four-valued logics which are the expansions of four-valued Belnap’s logic DM4. At first, we consider the logics with two designated values, and then logics defined by matrices having the same underlying algebra, but with a different choice of designated values, i.e. with one designated value. In the preceding literature both approaches were developed independently. Moreover, we present the lattices of the functional expansions of DM4.