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Psychosurgery

[author unknown]
Ethics and Medics 2 (1):2-2 (1977)

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  1. On deciding to have a lobotomy: either lobotomies were justified or decisions under risk should not always seek to maximise expected utility.Rachel Cooper - 2014 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 17 (1):143-154.
    In the 1940s and 1950s thousands of lobotomies were performed on people with mental disorders. These operations were known to be dangerous, but thought to offer great hope. Nowadays, the lobotomies of the 1940s and 1950s are widely condemned. The consensus is that the practitioners who employed them were, at best, misguided enthusiasts, or, at worst, evil. In this paper I employ standard decision theory to understand and assess shifts in the evaluation of lobotomy. Textbooks of medical decision making generally (...)
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  • Emotional responsiveness and relevant history of reinforcement are important determinants of social behavior.Pierre Karli - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):222-222.
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  • Brain mechanisms for offense, defense, and submission.David B. Adams - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):201-213.
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  • Temporal discontiguity: Alternative to, or component of, existing theories of hippocampal function?Donna J. Hughey - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):501-502.
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  • A physiological basis for hippocampal involvement in coding temporally discontiguous events.Sam A. Deadwyler - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):500-501.
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  • Effects of hippocampal lesions on some operant visual discrimination tasks.Michael L. Woodruff & Dennis L. Whittington - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):513-514.
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  • What are the chemical characteristics of brain mechanisms for aggression?Klaus A. Miczek - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):224-225.
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  • Motives: Metaphors in motion.John C. Fentress - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):219-219.
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  • Memory processing by the brain: Subregionalization, species-dependency, and network character.Hans J. Markowitsch - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):506-507.
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  • Is the hippocampus a store, intermediate or otherwise?Neil McNaughton - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):508-509.
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  • The hippocampus, synaptic enhancement, and intermediate-term memory.B. L. McNaughton & C. A. Barnes - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):507-508.
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  • The hippocampus as episodic encoder: Does it play tag?Robert H. I. Dale - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):499-500.
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  • “Adjusting” People: Conceptions of the Self in Psychosurgery After World War II. [REVIEW]Marietta Meier - 2009 - Medicine Studies 1 (4):353-366.
    Between 1935 and 1970, tens of thousands of people worldwide underwent brain operations due to psychiatric indication that were intended to positively influence their mental state and behaviour. The majority of these psychosurgical procedures were prefrontal lobotomies. Developed in 1935, the procedure initially met with fierce opposition, but was introduced in numerous countries in the following decade, and was employed up until the late 1960s. This article investigates why psychosurgery was widely accepted after World War II. It examines the effects (...)
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  • Rhetoric and Research Ethics: An Answer to Annas.Albert R. Jonsen & Michael Yesley - 1980 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 8 (6):8-13.
    Dr. Jonson, Professor of Medical Ethics at the University of California, San Francisco, was a member of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, and is currently a member of the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and in Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Mr. Yesley practices law in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and was the staff director of the National Commission. This article is reprinted from Medicolegal News with permission (...)
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  • Pain Sensitivity: An Unnatural History from 1800 to 1965.Joanna Bourke - 2014 - Journal of Medical Humanities 35 (3):301-319.
    Who was truly capable of experiencing pain? In this article, I explore ideas about the distribution of bodily sensitivity in patients from the early nineteenth century to 1965 in Anglo-American societies. While certain patients were regarded as “truly hurting,” other patients’ distress could be disparaged or not even registered as being “real pain.” Such judgments had major effects on regimes of pain-alleviation. Indeed, it took until the late twentieth century for the routine underestimation of the sufferings of certain groups of (...)
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  • Three-store theories of memory.William S. Maki - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):505-506.
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  • Ethical Issues Raised by Proposals to Treat Addiction Using Deep Brain Stimulation.Adrian Carter, Emily Bell, Eric Racine & Wayne Hall - 2010 - Neuroethics 4 (2):129-142.
    Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed as a potential treatment of drug addiction on the basis of its effects on drug self-administration in animals and on addictive behaviours in some humans treated with DBS for other psychiatric or neurological conditions. DBS is seen as a more reversible intervention than ablative neurosurgery but it is nonetheless a treatment that carries significant risks. A review of preclinical and clinical evidence for the use of DBS to treat addiction suggests that more animal (...)
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  • The Orwellian Threat to Emerging Neurodiagnostic Technologies.Joseph J. Fins - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (2):56-58.
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  • The advantages of simple systems in neuroethology.Raymon M. Glantz - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):221-221.
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  • Is there anything new in the neurophysiology of aggression for social psychologists?Adam Fraczek - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):219-220.
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  • Avian data on aggression.R. J. Andrew - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):213-214.
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  • Tentative analysis of apomorphine-induced intraspecific aggressive behavior in the rat according to Adams's classification.B. Senault - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):226-227.
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  • Memory buffer and comparator can share the same circuitry.J. A. Gray - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):501-501.
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  • Discontiguity and memory.David S. Olton - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):510-511.
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  • The hippocampus and time.Gordon Winocur - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):512-513.
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  • The Surgical Elimination of Violence? Conflicting Attitudes towards Technology and Science during the Psychosurgery Controversy of the 1970s.Brian P. Casey - 2015 - Science in Context 28 (1):99-129.
    ArgumentIn the 1970s a public controversy erupted over the proposed use of brain operations to curtail violent behavior. Civil libertarians, civil rights and community activists, leaders of the anti-psychiatry movement, and some U.S. Congressmen charged psychosurgeons and the National Institute of Mental Health, with furthering a political project: the suppression of dissent. Several government-sponsored investigations into psychosurgery rebutted this charge and led to an official qualified endorsement of the practice while calling attention to the need for more “scientific” understanding and (...)
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  • Minding the general memory store: Further consideration of the role of the hippocampus in memory.Neal J. Cohen & Matthew Shapiro - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):498-499.
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  • Associations across time: The hippocampus as a temporary memory store.J. N. P. Rawlins - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):479-497.
    All recent memory theories of hippocampal function have incorporated the idea that the hippocampus is required to process items only of some qualitatively specifiahle kind, and is not required to process items of some complementary set. In contrast, it is now proposed that the hippocampus is needed to process stimuli of all kinds, but only when there is a need to associate those stimuli with other events that are temporally discontiguous. In order to form or use temporally discontiguous associations, it (...)
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  • Can We Scan For Truth in a Society of Liars?Tom Buller - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (2):58-60.
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  • Androgens and aggression.Ronald Gandelman - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):220-220.
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  • On the specification of motivational systems.P. R. Wiepkema - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):228-229.
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  • Does our behavioral methodology conceal the deficit caused by hippocampal damage?David T. D. James - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):502-503.
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  • Neurobehavioral systems for attack and defense.Robert J. Blanchard & D. Caroline Blanchard - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):215-216.
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  • Offense and defense vs. rage and fear: A matter of semantics?Jaak Panksepp - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):225-226.
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  • Action-inhibiting system vs. submission system.Henri Laborit - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):223-223.
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  • Limits of neurophysiological approaches to aggression.Ronald Baenninger - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):214-214.
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  • Are we ready to localize motivational systems?Robert L. Isaacson - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):221-222.
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  • Neurotransmitter organization of aggressive behavior.László Decsi & Julia Nagy - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):216-217.
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  • Time and hippocampal lesion effects: Tempus edax rerum?J. N. P. Rawlins - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):514-528.
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  • Hippocampus and “general” mnemonic function: Only time will tell.Warren H. Meck - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):509-510.
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  • The development of theory: Logic of method or underlying processes?Charles P. Shimp - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):511-512.
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  • Motivational systems, motivational mechanisms, and aggression.David B. Adams - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):230-241.
    A preliminary attempt is made to analyze the intraspecihc aggressive behavior of mammals in terms of specific neural circuitry. The results of stimulation, lesion, and recording studies of aggressive behavior in cats and rats are reviewed and analyzed in terms of three hypothetical motivational systems: offense, defense, and submission. A critical distinction, derived from ethological theory, is made between motivating stimuli that simultaneously activate functional groupings of motor patterning mechanisms, and releasing and directing stimuli that are necessary for the activation (...)
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  • On the hippocampus, time, and interference.Leonard E. Jarrard - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):503-504.
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  • The risks of using descriptive ethological models in brain research.J. M. Koolhaas - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):222-223.
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  • Neural circuitry for motivational systems.David A. Yutzey - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):229-230.
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  • Offense, defense, submission, and attack: Problems of logic and lexicon.Robert J. Waldbillig - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):227-228.
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  • Aggression and the brain: Reflex chains or network?Holger Ursin - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):227-227.
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  • Changing methodology in aggression research.R. J. Rodgers - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):226-226.
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  • Are neurophysiological techniques adequate to account for agonistic behavior?Paul Leyhausen - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):223-224.
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  • Sharpening the focus on functions of the hippocampus.Daniel P. Kimble - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):504-505.
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