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  1. Inductive Reasoning with Multi-dimensional Concepts.Marta Sznajder - 2021 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 72 (2):465-484.
    Attribute spaces are a type of conceptual spaces which Carnap introduced in his late basic system of inductive logic. This article shows how to extend Carnap's use of them into a full model of inductive reasoning with geometrically represented concepts, extending my earlier work. The proposed model draws on Bayesian non-parametric techniques in order to define a probability distribution over the attribute space and a way of updating it with data. The model is another example of conceptual and formal continuity (...)
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  • What are natural concepts? A design perspective.Igor Douven & Peter Gärdenfors - 2019 - Mind and Language (3):313-334.
    Conceptual spaces have become an increasingly popular modeling tool in cognitive psychology. The core idea of the conceptual spaces approach is that concepts can be represented as regions in similarity spaces. While it is generally acknowledged that not every region in such a space represents a natural concept, it is still an open question what distinguishes those regions that represent natural concepts from those that do not. The central claim of this paper is that natural concepts are represented by the (...)
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  • Induction and knowledge-what.Peter Gärdenfors & Andreas Stephens - 2017 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 8 (3):1-21.
    Within analytic philosophy, induction has been seen as a problem concerning inferences that have been analysed as relations between sentences. In this article, we argue that induction does not primarily concern relations between sentences, but between properties and categories. We outline a new approach to induction that is based on two theses. The first thesis is epistemological. We submit that there is not only knowledge-how and knowledge-that, but also knowledge-what. Knowledge-what concerns relations between properties and categories and we argue that (...)
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  • (1 other version)Concept Learning: A Geometrical Model.Gärdenfors Peter - 2001 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 101 (1):163-183.
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  • (1 other version)General Relativity and the Standard Model: Why evidence for one does not disconfirm the other.Nicholaos Jones - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 40 (2):124-132.
    General Relativity and the Standard Model often are touted as the most rigorously and extensively confirmed scientific hypotheses of all time. Nonetheless, these theories appear to have consequences that are inconsistent with evidence about phenomena for which, respectively, quantum effects and gravity matter. This paper suggests an explanation for why the theories are not disconfirmed by such evidence. The key to this explanation is an approach to scientific hypotheses that allows their actual content to differ from their apparent content. This (...)
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  • The Goodman Paradox: Three Different Problems and a Naturalistic Solution to Two of Them.Nathan Stemmer - 2004 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 35 (2):351-370.
    It is now more than 50 years that the Goodman paradox has been discussed, and many different solutions have been proposed. But so far no agreement has been reached about which is the correct solution to the paradox. In this paper, I present the naturalistic solutions to the paradox that were proposed in Quine (1969, 1974), Quine and Ullian (1970/1978), and Stemmer (1971). At the same time, I introduce a number of modifications and improvements that are needed for overcoming shortcomings (...)
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  • New Life for Carnap’s Aufbau?Hannes Leitgeb - 2011 - Synthese 180 (2):265-299.
    Rudolf Carnap's Der logische Aufbau der Welt (The Logical Structure of the World) is generally conceived of as being the failed manifesto of logical positivism. In this paper we will consider the following question: How much of the Aufbau can actually be saved? We will argue that there is an adaptation of the old system which satisfies many of the demands of the original programme. In order to defend this thesis, we have to show how a new 'Aufbau-like' programme may (...)
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  • A Perspectivist Approach to Conceptual Spaces.Mauri Kaipainen & Antti Hautamäki - 2015 - In Peter Gärdenfors & Frank Zenker (eds.), Applications of Conceptual Spaces : the Case for Geometric Knowledge Representation. Cham: Springer Verlag.
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  • A psychologically implausible architecture that is always conscious, always active.Mark Vincent LaPolla & Bernard J. Baars - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):448-449.
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  • On models and mechanisms.William R. Uttal - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):459-460.
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  • Cartesian vs. Newtonian research strategies for cognitive science.Morton E. Winston - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):463-464.
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  • Re-membering cognition.Susan F. Chipman - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):441-442.
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  • A cognitive theory without inductive learning.Lev Goldfarb - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):446-447.
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  • Borgess realities and Peirces semiosis: Our world as factfablefiction.Floyd Merrell - 2002 - Semiotica 2002 (140).
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  • Reply to Israel on the New Riddle of Induction.Robert Kowalenko - 2012 - Philosophia 40 (3):549-552.
    Israel 2004 claims that numerous philosophers have misinterpreted Goodman’s original ‘New Riddle of Induction’, and weakened it in the process, because they do not define ‘grue’ as referring to past observations. Both claims are false: Goodman clearly took the riddle to concern the maximally general problem of “projecting” any type of characteristic from a given realm of objects into another, and since this problem subsumes Israel’s, Goodman formulated a stronger philosophical challenge than the latter surmises.
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  • Topological Aspects of Combinatorial Possibility.Thomas Mormann - 1997 - Logic and Logical Philosophy 5:75 - 92.
    The aim of this paper is to show that topology has a bearing on<br><br>combinatorial theories of possibility. The approach developed in this article is “mapping account” considering combinatorial worlds as mappings from individuals to properties. Topological structures are used to define constraints on the mappings thereby characterizing the “really possible” combinations. The mapping approach avoids the well-known incompatibility problems. Moreover, it is compatible with atomistic as well as with non-atomistic ontologies.It helps to elucidate the positions of logical atomism and monism (...)
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  • Philosophy in classical India: proper work of reason.Jonardon Ganeri - 2001 - New York: Routledge.
    Original in content and approach, Philosophy in Classical India focuses on the rational principles of Indian philosophical theory, rather than the mysticism usually associated with it. Ganeri explores the philosophical projects of a number of major Indian philosophers and looks into the methods of rational inquiry deployed within these projects. In so doing, he illuminates a network of mutual reference and criticism, influence and response, in which reason is simultaneously used constructively and to call itself into question.
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  • (1 other version)General relativity and the standard model: Why evidence for one does not disconfirm the other.Nicholaos Jones - 2008 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 40 (2):124-132.
    General Relativity and the Standard Model often are touted as the most rigorously and extensively confirmed scientific hypotheses of all time. Nonetheless, these theories appear to have consequences that are inconsistent with evidence about phenomena for which, respectively, quantum effects and gravity matter. This paper suggests an explanation for why the theories are not disconfirmed by such evidence. The key to this explanation is an approach to scientific hypotheses that allows their actual content to differ from their apparent content. This (...)
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  • Conceptual Spaces: A Solution to Goodman’s New Riddle of Induction?Sebastian Scholz - 2024 - Philosophia 52 (4).
    Nelson Goodman observed that we use only certain ‘good’ (viz. projectible) predicates during reasoning, with no obvious demarcation criterion in sight to distinguish them from the bad and gruesome ones. This apparent arbitrariness undermines the justifiability of our reasoning practices. Inspired by Quine’s 1969 paper on Natural Kinds, Peter Gärdenfors proposes a cognitive criterion based on his theory of Conceptual Spaces (CS). He argues the good predicates are those referring to natural concepts, and that we can capture naturalness in terms (...)
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  • Emotions in conceptual spaces.Michał Sikorski & Ohan Hominis - 2024 - Philosophical Psychology.
    The overreliance on verbal models and theories in psychology has been criticized for hindering the development of reliable research programs (Harris, 1976; Yarkoni, 2020). We demonstrate how the conceptual space framework can be used to formalize verbal theories and improve their precision and testability. In the framework, scientific concepts are represented by means of geometric objects. As a case study, we present a formalization of an existing three-dimensional theory of emotion which was developed with a spatial metaphor in mind. Wundt (...)
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  • Précis of Unified theories of cognition.Allen Newell - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):425-437.
    The book presents the case that cognitive science should turn its attention to developing theories of human cognition that cover the full range of human perceptual, cognitive, and action phenomena. Cognitive science has now produced a massive number of high-quality regularities with many microtheories that reveal important mechanisms. The need for integration is pressing and will continue to increase. Equally important, cognitive science now has the theoretical concepts and tools to support serious attempts at unified theories. The argument is made (...)
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  • Scientific Processes and Social Processes.Wolfgang Balzer & Klaus Manhart - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (S8):1393-1412.
    We clarify the notions scientific process and social process with structuralist means. Three questions are formulated, and answered in the structuralistic, set-theoretic framework. What is a scientific process, and a process in science? What can be meant by a non-social process? In which sense a non-social process can be a part of a scientific process in social science? We are specifically interested in social processes. Our answers use the notion of the generalized subset relation applied to set-theoretical structures, and the (...)
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  • A Categorical Solution to the Grue Paradox.Tatsuya Yoshii & Jun Otsuka - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
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  • The Dynamics of Thought.Peter Gardenfors - 2005 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    This volume is a collection of some of the most important philosophical papers by Peter Gärdenfors. Spanning a period of more than 20 years of his research, they cover a wide ground of topics, from early works on decision theory, belief revision and nonmonotonic logic to more recent work on conceptual spaces, inductive reasoning, semantics and the evolutions of thinking. Many of the papers have only been published in places that are difficult to access. The common theme of all the (...)
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  • Unified cognition misses language.Csaba Pléh - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):451-453.
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  • On putting the cart before the horse: Taking perception seriously in unified theories of cognition.Kim J. Vicente & Alex Kirlik - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):461-462.
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  • Induction With and Without Natural Properties: a New Approach to the New Riddle of Induction.Paul D. Thorn & Gerhard Schurz - 2024 - Philosophia 52 (4):935-958.
    Drawing on past work, we introduce a new approach to the New Riddle of Induction, showing that the inductive projection of gruesome properties is unreliable under particular ideal conditions that are sufficient for the reliable inductive projection of non-gruesome properties. As an auxiliary to our account, we introduce rules for resolving conflicts between background information and the conclusions of otherwise reliable inductive inferences. Our approach to the New Riddle of Induction is quite permissive in the range of properties it recognizes (...)
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  • Is Unified theories of cognition good strategy?Nico H. Frijda & Jan Elshout - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):445-446.
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  • SOAR as a world view, not a theory.Earl Hunt & R. Duncan Luce - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):447-448.
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  • A paradigm-based solution to the Riddle of induction.Mark A. Changizi & Timothy P. Barber - 1998 - Synthese 117 (3):419-484.
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  • Cognition and simulation.N. E. Wetherick - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):462-463.
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  • The trajectory of color.B. A. C. Saunders & Jaap Van Brakel - 2002 - Perspectives on Science 10 (3):302-355.
    : According to a consensus of psycho-physiological and philosophical theories, color sensations (or qualia) are generated in a cerebral "space" fed from photon-photoreceptor interaction (producing "metamers") in the retina of the eye. The resulting "space" has three dimensions: hue (or chroma), saturation (or "purity"), and brightness (lightness, value or intensity) and (in some versions) is further structured by primitive or landmark "colors"—usually four, or six (when white and black are added to red, yellow, green and blue). It has also been (...)
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  • Three Levels of Naturalistic Knowledge.Andreas Stephens - 2019 - In Peter Gärdenfors, Antti Hautamäki, Frank Zenker & Mauri Kaipainen (eds.), Conceptual Spaces: Elaborations and Applications. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag.
    A recent naturalistic epistemological account suggests that there are three nested basic forms of knowledge: procedural knowledge-how, conceptual knowledge-what, and propositional knowledge-that. These three knowledge-forms are grounded in cognitive neuroscience and are mapped to procedural, semantic, and episodic long-term memory respectively. This article investigates and integrates the neuroscientifically grounded account with knowledge-accounts from cognitive ethology and cognitive psychology. It is found that procedural and semantic memory, on a neuroscientific level of analysis, matches an ethological reliabilist account. This formation also matches (...)
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  • A cognitive process shell.Steven A. Vere - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):460-461.
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  • Natural predicates and topological structures of conceptual spaces.Thomas Mormann - 1993 - Synthese 95 (2):219 - 240.
    In the framework of set theory we cannot distinguish between natural and non-natural predicates. To avoid this shortcoming one can use mathematical structures as conceptual spaces such that natural predicates are characterized as structurally nice subsets. In this paper topological and related structures are used for this purpose. We shall discuss several examples taken from conceptual spaces of quantum mechanics (orthoframes), and the geometric logic of refutative and affirmable assertions. In particular we deal with the problem of structurally distinguishing between (...)
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  • From Sensations to Concepts: a Proposal for Two Learning Processes.Peter Gärdenfors - 2019 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 10 (3):441-464.
    This article presents two learning processes in order to explain how children at an early age can transform a complex sensory input to concepts and categories. The first process constructs the perceptual structures that emerge in children’s cognitive development by detecting invariants in the sensory input. The invariant structures involve a reduction in dimensionality of the sensory information. It is argued that this process generates the primary domains of space, objects and actions and that these domains can be represented as (...)
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  • Belief Systems and Partial Spaces.Otávio Bueno - 2016 - Foundations of Science 21 (1):225-236.
    One important role of belief systems is to allow us to represent information about a certain domain of inquiry. This paper presents a formal framework to accommodate such information representation. Three cognitive models to represent information are discussed: conceptual spaces, state-spaces, and the problem spaces familiar from artificial intelligence. After indicating their weakness to deal with partial information, it is argued that an alternative, formulated in terms of partial structures, can be provided which not only captures the positive features of (...)
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  • Unified cognitive theory: Having one's apple pie and eating it.Stephan Lewandowsky - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):449-450.
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  • Unified theories and theories that mimic each other's predictions.James T. Townsend - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):458-459.
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  • Toward unified cognitive theory: The path is well worn and the trenches are deep.John M. Carroll - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):441-441.
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  • Points of View: A Conceptual Space Approach.Antti Hautamäki - 2016 - Foundations of Science 21 (3):493-510.
    Points of view are a central phenomenon in human cognition. Although the concept of point of view is ambiguous, there exist common elements in different notions. A point of view is a certain way to look at things around us. In conceptual points of view, things are looked at or interpreted through conceptual lenses. Conceptual points of view are important for epistemology, cognitive science, and philosophy of science. In this article, a new method to formalize conceptual points of view is (...)
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  • SOAR as a unified theory of cognition: Issues and explanations.Allen Newell - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):464-492.
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  • Choosing a unifying theory for cognitive development.Thomas R. Shultz - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):456-457.
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  • Natural Concepts and the Economics of Cognition and Communication.Peter Gärdenfors - 2024 - Philosophia 52 (4):865-882.
    This article takes a cognitive approach to natural concepts. The aim is to introduce criteria that are evaluated with respect to how they support the cognitive economy of humans when using concepts in reasoning and communicating with them. I first present the theory of conceptual spaces as a tool for expressing the criteria. Then I introduce the central idea that natural concepts correspond to _convex_ regions of a conceptual space. I argue that this criterion has far-reaching consequences as regards natural (...)
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  • Unified cognitive theory: You can't get there from here.Derek Bickerton - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):437-438.
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  • Mental Representation, Conceptual Spaces and Metaphors.Peter Gärdenfors - 1996 - Synthese 106 (1):21 - 47.
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  • Integration of memory systems supporting non-symbolic representations in an architecture for lifelong development of artificial agents.François Suro, Fabien Michel & Tiberiu Stratulat - 2024 - Artificial Intelligence 337 (C):104228.
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  • Criteria for naturalness in conceptual spaces.Corina Strößner - 2022 - Synthese 200 (2):1-36.
    Conceptual spaces are a frequently applied framework for representing concepts. One of its central aims is to find criteria for what makes a concept natural. A prominent demand is that natural concepts cover convex regions in conceptual spaces. The first aim of this paper is to analyse the convexity thesis and the arguments that have been advanced in its favour or against it. Based on this, I argue that most supporting arguments focus on single-domain concepts (e.g., colours, smells, shapes). Unfortunately, (...)
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  • Conceptual spaces as a basis for cognitive semantics.Peter Gärdenfors - 1996 - In A. Clark, Jesus Ezquerro & J. M. Larrazabal (eds.), Philosophy and Cognitive Science. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 159--180.
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  • Unified theories must explain the codependencies among perception, cognition and action.Robert W. Proctor & Addie Dutta - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):453-454.
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